Head And Neck Lecom-Sh

Front 1

Identify. Spinal chord level? Innervates?

Back 1

Ansa Cervicalis.
C1-C3
Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, and omohyoid mm.

Front 2

Identify. Drains what? Drains into? Anastomose?

Back 2

Anterior Jugular Vein.
Anterior aspect of the neck.
Variable- Subclavian v. or External Jugular v.
Often anastomoses between right and left to form a Jugular Venous Arch

Front 3

Identify

Back 3

Cricoid Cartilege

Front 4

Identify

Back 4

Cricothyroid Ligament

Front 5

Identify. Innervated? Action?

Back 5

Digastric m. (part of the Suprahyoid muscle group)
Posterior belly - Facial nerve
Anterior belly - Mylohyoid nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)
Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth; depresses mandible

Front 6

Identify

Back 6

External Jugular vein

Front 7

Identify. What two vessels join to form it posterior to the angle of the mandible?

Back 7

External Jugular vein.
Posterior Auricular and Retromandibular veins.

Front 8

Identify. Tributaries. Ends?

Back 8

External Jugular vein.
Posterior Auricular, retromandibular, suprascapular, transverse cervical and anterior jugular veins.
Drains into the Subclavian vein

Front 9

Identify.

Back 9

Facial vein

Front 10

Identify. Tributaries. Ends?

Back 10

Facial vein.
Supraorbital, supratrochlear, angular and deep facial vein.
Drains into the Internal Jugular vein (may be joined by the retromandibular vein beforehand and for the Common facial vein)

Front 11

Identify. Components.

Back 11

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
GVA, GVE, SVA, SVE, GSA

Front 12

Identify. Component Ganglia.

Back 12

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Inferior Ganglion - GVA + SVA
Superior Ganglion - GSA
Nucleus ambiguus (medulla) - SVE
Inferior salivary nucleus (medulla) - GVE

Front 13

Identify.

Back 13

Posterior 1/3 of tongue.
Special sensory distribution of Glosspharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Front 14

Identify. Spinal nerve levels. Innervation.

Back 14

Great Auricular Nerve.
C2-C3
Skin behind the auricle and Parotid gland

Front 15

Identify.

Back 15

Skin of and around auricle of ear.
Sensory distribution of Great auricular nerve

Front 16

Identify. Innervation. Action.

Back 16

Hyoglossus m.
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Depression of tongue

Front 17

Identify. Attachments.

Back 17

Hyoid bone.
Body - geniohyoid, mylohyoid, omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles.
Greater Horn - middle constrictor, hyoglossus, digastric bellies, stylohyoid and thyrohyoid muscels.
Lesser Horn - stylohyoid ligament

Front 18

Identify.

Back 18

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Front 19

Identify. Innervations.

Back 19

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles.
Intrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus - vagus n.)

Front 20

Identify. Component(s)

Back 20

Hypoglossus nerve (CN XII)
GSE

Front 21

Identify. Component and Ganglia.

Back 21

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
GSE
Nucleus CN XII (medulla)

Front 22

Identify. Branches from? Supplies?

Back 22

Inferior thyroid artery.
Thyrocervical Trunk.
Ascending cervical artery and an inferior branch which anastomoses with Superior thyroid artery.

Front 23

Identify.

Back 23

Inferior thyroid artery

Front 24

Identify. Tributaries.

Back 24

Internal Jugular vein.
Facial, Lingual, Pharyngeal, Sigmoid sinus, Inferior petrosal sinus, and Superior and Middle thyroid veins

Front 25

Identify.

Back 25

Internal jugular vein

Front 26

Identify. Drains blood from what regions?

Back 26

Internal jugular vein
Cranial cavity (including brain)
Face
Neck

Front 27

Identify. Terminates?

Back 27

Internal jugular vein.
Unites with Subclavian vein to form Brachiocephalic vein

Front 28

Identify

Back 28

Left Internal jugular vein

Front 29

Identify. Describe descending course.

Back 29

Internal jugular vein.
Descends within Carotid Sheath alongside common and internal carotid arteries, vagus nerve (CN X) and lymphatic channels

Front 30

Identify. Innervation. Branch of?

Back 30

Internal laryngeal nerve
General sensation of mucous membrane of larynx superior to vocal folds.
Branch of Superior laryngeal from vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 31

Identify

Back 31

Distribution of internal laryngeal nerve

Front 32

Identify

Back 32

Isthmus of Thyroid

Front 33

Identify. Origin

Back 33

Left Subclavian Artery.
Arch of Aorta

Front 34

Identify. Branches.

Back 34

L. subclavian artery.
Vertebral, internal thoracic, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk, suprascapular (variable), and continues as axillary artery

Front 35

Identify. Contribution. Innervation.

Back 35

Lesser occipital nerve.
Ventral rami of C2 spinal nerve
Sensory - lateral scalp and posterior part of auricle of ear

Front 36

Identify. Innervation

Back 36

Levator scapulae muscle.
Dorsal scapular nerve (Ventral rami C3-4)

Front 37

Identify. Action

Back 37

Levator scapulae muscle
Elevation of scapula and lateral flexion of neck (when scapula fixed)

Front 38

Identify. Origin.

Back 38

Lingual artery
External carotid artery

Front 39

Identify. Branches.

Back 39

Lingual artery.
Dorsal lingual, sublingual, and continues as deep lingual artery

Front 40

Identify. Drainage. Termination

Back 40

Middle thyroid vein.
Larynx, trachea, and inferior portion of thyroid gland.
Internal jugular vein

Front 41

Identify. Innervation

Back 41

Mylohyoid muscle.
Trigeminal nerve (CN VIII)

Front 42

Identify. Action.

Back 42

Mylohyoid muscle.
Elevation of floor of mouth.

Front 43

Identify

Back 43

Mylohyoid muscle

Front 44

Identify. Origin.

Back 44

Occipital artery.
External artery

Front 45

Identify. Distribution.

Back 45

Occipital artery.
Posterior scalp; SCM, digastric, stylohyoid, splenius and longissimus muscles; dura mater; and bone of posterior cranial fossa

Front 46

Identify. Innervation

Back 46

Omohyoid muscle.
Ansa cervicalis nerve

Front 47

Identify. Action.

Back 47

Omohyoid muscle.
Depression of hyoid bone

Front 48

Identify.

Back 48

Omohyoid muscle

Front 49

Identify. Describe structure

Back 49

Omohyoid muscle.
Has two bellies (superior and inferior) joined by intermediate tendon attached to clavicle by fascia

Front 50

Identify. Innervation

Back 50

Platysma muscle.
Facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 51

Identify. Action.

Back 51

Platysma muscle.
Elevates, creases skin of neck ("horror") and depression of lower lip and angel of mouth

Front 52

Identify. Contribution. Terminates.

Back 52

Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Within larynx, inferior laryngeal nerve

Front 53

Identify. Composition. Innervates.

Back 53

Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
GVA - sensory, larynx below vocal cord
SVE - motor, intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid): intrinsic laryngeal muscles: posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse and oblique arytenoids, aryepiglottic, thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic, and vocalis muscles

Front 54

Identify

Back 54

Scalene mm.

Front 55

Identify. Action

Back 55

Scalene muscles.
Anterior: elevates rib 1; lateral flexion and rotation of neck
Middle: elevation of rib 1; lateral flexion of neck
Posterior: elevation of rib 2; lateral flexion of neck

Front 56

Identify

Back 56

Scalene muscles

Front 57

Identify

Back 57

Anterior scalene muscle

Front 58

Identify

Back 58

Anterior scalene muscle

Front 59

Identify

Back 59

Anterior scalene muscle

Front 60

Identify

Back 60

Middle scalene muscle

Front 61

Identify. Innervation

Back 61

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Front 62

Identify. Unilateral Action.

Back 62

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Rotation of head so face turns to opposite side

Front 63

Identify the muscle and nerve crossing perpendicular to it

Back 63

Sternocleidomastoid muscle and Transverse cervical nerve

Front 64

Identify. Bilateral action

Back 64

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Flexion of head

Front 65

Identify. Innervation.

Back 65

Semispinalis muscle.
Dorsal rami of Cervical spinal nerves

Front 66

Identify. Action

Back 66

Semispinalis capitis muscle.
Unilateral: rotation of head to opposite side.
Bilateral: extension of head and neck

Front 67

Identify. Innervates.

Back 67

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle

Front 68

226. Vertebral level of hyoid bone

Back 68

CV3

Front 69

227. Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage

Back 69

CV4,5

Front 70

228. Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage

Back 70

CV6

Front 71

229. Muscles that are innervated by CN XI

Back 71

Trapezius, SCM

Front 72

230. Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene

Back 72

Brachial plexus, subclavian artery

Front 73

231. Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid

Back 73

Ansa cervicalis

Front 74

232. Innervation of digastric

Back 74

Anterior belly = CN V
Posterior belly = CN VII

Front 75

233. Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body

Back 75

CN IX, CN X

Front 76

234. Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor

Back 76

Auditory tube, levator veli, Palatini

Front 77

235. Nerves of pharyngeal plexus

Back 77

CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics

Front 78

236. Only muscle innervated by CN IX

Back 78

Stylopharyngeus

Front 79

237. Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane

Back 79

Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery

Front 80

238. Only muscle to abduct vocal cords

Back 80

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 81

239. Innervation of cricothyroid

Back 81

External laryngeal nerve

Front 82

240. Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid

Back 82

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 83

241. Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords

Back 83

Cricothyroid

Front 84

242. Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords

Back 84

Internal laryngeal

Front 85

243. Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords

Back 85

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 86

244. Site of aspirated lodged fishbone

Back 86

Piriform recess

Front 87

245. Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex

Back 87

CN IX – CN X

Front 88

236. Only muscle innervated by CN IX

Back 88

Stylopharyngeus

Front 89

237. Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane

Back 89

Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery

Front 90

238. Only muscle to abduct vocal cords

Back 90

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 91

239. Innervation of cricothyroid

Back 91

External laryngeal nerve

Front 92

240. Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid

Back 92

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 93

241. Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords

Back 93

Cricothyroid

Front 94

242. Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords

Back 94

Internal laryngeal

Front 95

243. Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords

Back 95

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 96

244. Site of aspirated lodged fishbone

Back 96

Piriform recess

Front 97

245. Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex

Back 97

CN IX – CN X

Front 98

Identify "triangle" location:
Stylohyoid muscle

Back 98

Anterior Triangle

Front 99

Identify "triangle" location:
Digastric muscle - anterior belly

Back 99

Anterior Triangle

Front 100

Identify "triangle" location:
Digastric muscle - posterior belly

Back 100

Anterior Triangle

Front 101

Identify "triangle" location:
Mylohyoid muscle

Back 101

Anterior Triangle

Front 102

Identify "triangle" location:
Geniohyoid muscle

Back 102

Anterior Triangle

Front 103

Identify "triangle" location:
Sternohyoid muscle

Back 103

Anterior Triangle

Front 104

Identify "triangle" location:
Omohyoid muscle - superior belly

Back 104

Anterior Triangle

Front 105

Identify "triangle" location:
Thyrohyoid muscle

Back 105

Anterior Triangle

Front 106

Identify "triangle" location:
Sternohyoid muscle

Back 106

Anterior Triangle

Front 107

Identify "triangle" location:
Suprahyoid muscles

Back 107

Anterior Triangle

Front 108

Identify.
What lies immediately posterior/anterior?

Back 108

Sternothyroid muscle.
Thyroid gland/Sternohyoid muscle

Front 109

Identify "triangle" location:
Infrahyoid muscles

Back 109

Anterior Triangle

Front 110

Identify "triangle" location:
Right Common Carotid artery
(Originates?)

Back 110

Anterior Triangle
(Brachiocephalic trunk)

Front 111

Identify "triangle" location:
Left Common Carotid artery
(Originates?)

Back 111

Anterior Triangle
(Arch of Aorta)

Front 112

Identify "triangle" location:
Carotid Sinus
(What vessel is inferior/superior to it?)

Back 112

Anterior Triangle
(Common Carotid artery/Internal carotid artery)

Front 113

Identify "triangle" location:
Thyroid gland

Back 113

Anterior Triangle

Front 114

Identify "triangle" location:
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
(Through what foramen does it descend into the neck?)

Back 114

Anterior Triangle
(Jugular Foramen)

Front 115

Identify "triangle" location:
External branch of Superior Laryngeal nerve
(What does it innervate?)

Back 115

Anterior Triangle
(Cricothyroid muscle)

Front 116

Identify "triangle" location:
Superior thyroid artery
(Originates?)

Back 116

Anterior Triangle
(External Carotid artery)

Front 117

Identify "triangle" location:
Internal Jugular vein
(Traverses neck enclosed in what structure?)

Back 117

Anterior Triangle
(Carotid Sheath)

Front 118

Identify "triangle" location:
Transverse cervical nerve
(Innervates)

Back 118

Branches from cervical plexus at posterior border of SCM and course anteriorly and across to Anterior Triangle.
(Cutaneous innervation of anterior neck)

Front 119

Name the structure that forms the narrow roof of the nasal cavity and is pierced by Olfactory nerve fibers in order to descend into the mucus membrane of the nasal cavity.

Back 119

The cribriform plate

Front 120

Name the structure that forms the narrow roof of the nasal cavity and is pierced by Olfactory nerve fibers in order to descend into the mucus membrane of the nasal cavity.

Back 120

The cribriform plate

Front 121

The optic chiasm lies superior to what two structures?

Back 121

The two internal carotid arteries as they enter the cranium and the roof of the pituitary fossa

Front 122

What unique structural difference distinguishes the optic nerve (CNII) from the rest?

Back 122

It is covered throughout its course by all three meningeal layers of the brain: Dura, arachnoid, and pia mater

Front 123

Name the bones that make up the orbit.

Back 123

maxilla, zygomatic, frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid, and palatine bone.

Front 124

These branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the eyelid.

Back 124

Supratrochlear, supra-orbital, lacrimal, and dorsal nasal arteries

Front 125

Lymphatic drainage of the eye is to what lymph node(s)?

Back 125

Parotid and submandibular nodes

Front 126

Which nerves of the Extrinsic eye muscles course through the Common tendinous ring?

Back 126

Levator palpebrae superioris and Superior rectus (Superior branch of oculomotor n.); medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique (Inferior branch of oculomotor n.); and Lateral rectus (abducent n.)

The Superior oblique is innervated by the Trochlear n. (CNIV) which courses OUTSIDE of the tendinous ring.

Front 127

What components branch from the inferior branch of the oculomotor n.?

Back 127

Nerves to the ciliary ganglion, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and inferior rectus mm.

Front 128

The oculomotor m. provides what kind of fibers to the ciliary ganglion?

Back 128

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.

Front 129

Identify. Innervation. Action.

Back 129

Pupillary sphincter m.
Parasympathetic axons from the ciliary ganglion.
Close (contract) pupil

Front 130

Symptoms and etiology of Horner's syndrome

Back 130

Sx:
1- Miosis: constriction of pupil (resulting from paralysis of dilator muscle of iris).
2- ptosis: drooping of upper eyelid (from paralysis of levator palpebrae superiori branch to superior tarsal plate).
3- enophthalmos: retraction/backward-displacement of an eyeball into orbit (from paralysis of orbitalis muscle.
4- anhidrosis: absence of sweating
5- vasodilation: fllushing.

Etiology:
Lesions to cervical sympathetics from brain stem stroke, tuberculosis, Pancoast's tumor, trauma, and/or injury to carotid artery.

Front 131

Etiology of miosis (constricted pupil)

Back 131

paralysis of pupillary dilator m. from lesion to sympathetic nerves

Front 132

Etiology of mydriasis (dilated pupil)

Back 132

paralysis of pupillary sphincter m. from lesion to parasympathetic nerves

Front 133

Identify. Innervation. Action.

Back 133

Pupillary dilator m.
Sympathetic axons either from ciliary ganglion or long ciliary nerves.
Central opening (dilation) of pupil

Front 134

Identify. What neurological components are housed within this structure?

Back 134

Cribriform plate.
It is perforated by 15 to 20 foramina which transmits the olfactory nerves (CN I) from the olfactory mucosa to the olfactory bulb.

Front 135

Identify. What is transmitted?

Back 135

Posterior ethmoidal a. v. n.

Front 136

Identify. What is transmitted?

Back 136

Anterior ethmoidal foramen.
Anterior ethmoidal a. v. n.

Front 137

What are the key foramina of th Anterior Cranial Fossa and corresponding transmitted structures?

Back 137

Cribriform plate - Olfactory nerves (CN I)
Anterior ethmoidal foramen - Anterior ethmoidal a. v. n.
Posterior ethmoidal foramen - Posterior ethmoidal a. v. n.

Front 138

Identify. What two bones form this depression?

Back 138

Nasolacrimal canal/duct.
Lacrimal and frontal process of MAXILLA

Hint 138

This depression is continuous with the nasolacrimal canal, which leads to the inferior nasal meatus.

Front 139

Identify. Innervation

Back 139

Lacrimal gland.
Sensory - neurons return to CNS through lacrimal branch of ophthalmic nerve (V1).
Secretomotor - postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion.
Postganglionic sympathetics from Superior Cervical ganglion along plexus surrounding internal carotid artery.

Hint 139

The preganglionic parasympathetics arise from the greater petrosal nerve (CN VII). These fibers hitchhike with the Maxillary nerve (V2) at the pterygopalatine ganglion which becomes the zygomatic nerve, then zygomaticotemporal nerve eventually joining the lacrimal nerve.

Front 140

Baby Girl of 2 months old is brought to pediatrician with complains of irritated left eye, uncontrollable teary eye, and blueish swelling at the infero-medial canthus of the palpebral fissure the same eye. What anatomical issue accounts for the swelling and uncontrollable tearing?

Back 140

Dx - Dacryocystocele.
Caused by a congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct.

Front 141

Identify. The artery that courses through here is a branch of?

Back 141

Supraorbital notch.
The supraorbital artery arises from the ophthalmic artery immediately after it crosses the optic nerve.

Hint 141

It exit the orbit through the supraorbital foramen with the supra-orbital nerve - it supplies the forehead and scalp as it passes to the vertex of the skull.

Front 142

What is transmitted?
Cribfriform plate

Back 142

CN I - Olfactory nerve

Front 143

What is transmitted?
Anterior ethmoidal foramen

Back 143

Anterior ethmoidal a. v. n.

Front 144

What is transmitted?
Posterior ethmoidal foramen

Back 144

Posterior a. v. n.

Front 145

What is transmitted?
Optic canal
(chiasmatic groove)

Back 145

Optic nerve (CN II)
Ophthalmic artery

Front 146

What is transmitted?
Superior orbital fissure

Back 146

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Superior ophthalmic vein

Front 147

What is transmitted?
Foramen rotundum

Back 147

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Front 148

What is transmitted?
Foramen spinosum

Back 148

Middle meningeal a.
Recurrent meningeal nerve (CN V3)

Front 149

What is transmitted?
Foramen lacerum

Back 149

Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal a.

Front 150

What is transmitted?
Hiatus for Greater Petrosal nerve

Back 150

Greater petrosal nerve (CN VII)
Petrosal branch of middle meningeal a.

Front 151

Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve

Back 151

Lesser petrosal nerve (CN IX)

Front 152

What is transmitted?
Internal acoustic meatus

Back 152

Facial nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Internal labyrinthine a.

Front 153

What is transmitted?
Jugular foramen

Back 153

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Sigmoid sinus
inferior petrosal sinus
posterior meningeal branches of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries.

Front 154

What is transmitted?
Foramen magnum

Back 154

Spinal chord
Spinal roots of Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Vertebral artery
Anterior and Posterior spinal arteries,
Dural veins

Front 155

What is transmitted?
Hypoglossal canal

Back 155

Hypoglossal nerve GSEs (CN XII)
posterior meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

Front 156

What is transmitted?
Petrotympanic fissure

Back 156

Chorda tympani (CN VII)

Front 157

What is transmitted?
Stylomastoid foramen

Back 157

SVE of Facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 158

What is transmitted?
Carotid canal

Back 158

Internal carotid a.
Sympathetic plexus

Front 159

What is transmitted?
Tympanic canaliculus

Back 159

Auricular branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Front 160

What is transmitted?
Mastoid canaliculus

Back 160

Auricular branch of Vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 161

What is transmitted?
Sphenomaxillary fissure

Back 161

3rd portion of maxillary a.

Front 162

What is transmitted?
Pterygopalatine fossa

Back 162

3rd portion of maxillary a.
pterygopalatine ganglion