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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are serfs?
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farmers of the manors (estates belonging to nobles)
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people
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What are magyars?
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Barbarian invaders from the East. They crumbled Charlemagne's empire. Earned the name "Scourge of Europe" because they murdered, burned and plundered (stole) goods in fierce raids. They finally settled in Hungary.
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people
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Define homage.
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A ceremony where a lord and vassal promised their relationship. The vassal knelt & vowed to be his "lord's" man.
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ceremony
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What is a vassal?
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a man who used a lord's land in exchange for his services
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a man
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Define Orleans.
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the city where Clovis called a church council. He began combining politics and religion there.
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a place
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What is the coat of arms?
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a group of emblems and figures usually displayed on a knight's armor for identification purposes. each noble family had one
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on a knight's armor
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Who were the Moors?
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Muslims from North Aftrica. Attacked Charlemagne's empire from the South. Controlled Spain & other parts of Europe & the Mediterranean Sea.
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people
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What were the Papal States?
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a strip of land from the Lombards that Pepin donated to the pope. "Donation of Pepin"
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land
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What was a fief?
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From the feudal system of the Middle Ages ~ a piece of land owned by one man who permitted another man to use it in return for certain promised services.
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land
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What is a moat?
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a protective trench of water that surrounded a castle
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water
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To be cut off from the church
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excommunicate
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What divided the empire into 3 parts (Northern Italy, France and Germany?
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Treaty of Verdun
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signed by Louis' 3 sons
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What is another name for the Vikings?
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Norseman
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Who were the Vikings?
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Blond-haired, blue-eyed German barbarians from Scandinavia. Came from the North where Christianity hadn't yet reached. Fierce & wild pirates.
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What was the Vikings most important settlement?
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Normandy
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N _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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What is a joust?
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a game where 2 knights fought to unseat or unhorse each other. played by nobles
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game
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A way of life based upon the ownership and use of land (fief/lord/vassal)
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feudalism
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f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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A boy who began training for knighthood at 7 years old. He was a household servant in the service of a lord. He learned to hunt & uphold ideals of chivalry.
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Page
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Officials who took over the King's duties when the Merovingian kings' bad interests prevented them from doing their job
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Mayor of the Palace
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A noble's sport where 2 teams of knights fought a mock battle that lasted a day and went over the countryside.
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tournament
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A solemn vow where a lord gave a vassal some object (lance, spear, etc) as a symbol that the vassal could use the lord's land (fief)
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act of investiture
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act of ___________
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A boy became this at 15 or 16 years old. A personal servant to his lord or to another knight in the lord's service. Learned to ride a horse in battle, to use a sword, a shield & long spear (lance)
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squire
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a title once used by Roman emperors ("High Priest")
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pontifex maximus
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Describe a serf's house.
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Walls made of mud. Floors of clay. Fire in the middle of floor. No chimney;smoke went through hole in ceiling. No glass in windows. No doors. Furniture was functional, not for decoration. Small house, small garden, few farm animals.
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Describe the daily life of a serf.
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Hard. Worked as farmers on the manors. Farmed few hundred to several thousand acres. Each village had 10-50 families. No freedom. Lord's couldn't take away their property as long as they did their jobs. Being a serf was hereditary. Paid taxes and fees. Lived on brink of starvation.
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Did Charlemagne have a Christian Empire?
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No. He may have had reason to go to war when threatened by enemies, but he shouldn't have killed 4,500 rebels after they had surrendered. He made his wars seem like holy wars. Churches were build where he conquered.The defeated people had to choose death or public confession of Romanism. He forced German Saxons to be baptised;they'd renounce Christianity;& it would happen all over again.He was like Constantine because they both thought they could make people Christians.
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What was the job of the Mayor of the Palace?
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Took over kings' duties when the king couldn't do his job
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Who did Pepin the Short appeal to who helped him become king?
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Pope Zacharias
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What 2 people crowned Pepin?
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Bishop Boniface & Pope Stephen II
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What benefit did the pope get from supporting Pepin?
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The pope gained the support & defense of Pepin's military.
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What is another name for the Papal States?
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"Donation of Pepin"
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How did the Pope get the Papal States?
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The lombards wanted some of the pope's land. The pope asked Pepin for help. Pepin & soldiers took land from lombards & donated it to the Pope.
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Who was Charlemagne's dad?
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Pepin
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Who was Pepin's son?
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Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
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What territories were won by Charlemagne?
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Western Europe, Northern Italy, Germany, France
(East Frankish Kingdom, Western Frankish Kingdom, Upper Burgundy, Kingdom of Italy) |
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How did Charlemagne use religion?
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for political gain
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How did the role of pope make Charlemagne's empire different from Constantine's?
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Charlemagne's empire came about by Pope & emperor working together. Constantine ruled before the Pope was recognized as head of the Catholic church.
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Why did popes and kings struggle with each other during the Middle Ages?
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They knew they needed each other, but they couldn't get along. Charlemagne thought he was ruler of church & government.
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What happened to Charlemagne's empire after his death?
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It began to crumble. His sons fought about how the empire should be divided.
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What was the purpose of the Treaty of Verdun?
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To divide the empire into 3 parts. They began thinking of themselves as separate & distinct nations.
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The territory included in the Treaty of France became the countries of ___________ & ___________.
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France & Germany
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Gaul included what territory?
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the Frankish Kingdom
(France & Germany) |
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A code of conduct for the nobility and the knights (like men helping ladies)
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chivalry
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Muslims from North Africa
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Moors
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The study of emblems and designs of coats of arms
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heraldry
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The part of the land in the kingdom that the king kept for his own use
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demesne
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An estate belonging to a noble
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manor
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m _ _ _ _
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Heavily fortified dwellings used for protection against invasion
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castles
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c _ _ _ _ _ _
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A piece of land owned by one man who permitted another to use it in return for promised services.
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fief
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f _ _ _
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Farmers of the manors
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serfs
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s _ _ _ _
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A way of life based upon ownership and use of land
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Feudalism
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F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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A household servant of a lord
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page
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p _ _ _
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A man who owned land
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lord
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l _ _ _
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A personal servant to a lord or to another knight in his service
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squire
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s _ _ _ _ _
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A master of medieval warfare who wore heavy armor and fought on horseback with a variety of weapons
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knight
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k _ _ _ _ _
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What were the German tribes that settled in Western Europe called?
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Vikings
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The man who used the land in exchange for his services
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vassal
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v _ _ _ _ _
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What is the organization of the Catholic Church?
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hierarchy (the pope, then a smaller office & on down). A bureaucracy.
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How is the hierarchy of the Catholic Church organized?
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parish, diocese, Pope
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Who was Clovis?
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1st great Frankish military & political leader
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What did Clovis do?
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Inherited position of tribal king from his father in 481. He began Merovingian series of kings.
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Who was Pepin the Short?
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Mayor of the Palace after his dad, Charles Martel, died.
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What did Pepin the Short do?
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Wanted to be king & was crowned twice (by Pope Zacharias & Stephen II). He gave the pope military support. He helped set the stage for the Roman Empire to be ruled by Pope & emperor.
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What is feudalism?
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A way of life based upon the ownership and use of land.
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Know the map of a fief.
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A fief was a piece of land owned by 1 man who permitted another man to use it in return for certain promised services. The lord owned it. The vassal worked it. A ceremony of homage, oath of fealty, and act of investiture were performed.
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Why did the aristocrats leave the cities?
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They offered military & police protection to other families in exchange for land & services.
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Who was the head of the feudal system?
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The king
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Describe the role of the Roman church in feudalism.
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They believed that priests, not God, were the way to heaven.
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Describe western Europe after Charlemagne's empire disintegrated.
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Disorder & insecurity. No protection from invaders. Strong robbed the weak & weren't punished.
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Explain the origins of feudalism in the old Roman Empire.
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Aristocrats left the cities & moved to country. They offered military protection to other families in exchange for land & services.
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Explain the origins about the invading German barbarians.
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The warriors swore allegiance to their chieftains with solemn vows.
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