Hazmat 6Th Ed Chapter 6

Front 1

Situational awareness is sometimes referred to as a process working at __ levels:

Level 1) perception-perceive the situation around us.

Level 2) comprehension-apply our knowledge and past experiences to our perception and develop an understanding of the situations meaning.

Level 3) application- take our understanding of the situation and apply it to the future, thereby predicting how and when the situation will change, and what action is appropriate on our part.

Back 1

Three

P240

Front 2

_____ information received is confusing or unclear.

Back 2

Ambiguity

P240

Front 3

_____-loss of focus of the original mission without appropriate rational.

Back 3

Distraction

P240

Front 4

____-too focused on a single element of the situation to the exclusion of all others. This indicator includes personal concerns, such as financial or family problems.

Back 4

Fixation

P240

Front 5

____ -tasks or information, overwhelmed us, or we attempt to perform all the tasks ourselves.

Back 5

Overload

P240

Front 6

____ -false sense of comfort, based on a misconception of the hazard, risk, or situation, sometimes based on past, seemingly similar experience.

Back 6

Complacency

P240

Front 7

Part of a first responders responsibilities is to establish and maintain scene control. This includes establishing the perimeter (also known as the _____ zone) of the hazmat incident scene.

Back 7

Isolation zone

P240

Front 8

A ___ can be an act or failure to act, which is prohibited by criminal law, and punishable by a fine or imprisonment.

Back 8

Crime

P241

Front 9

Illegal hazmat dumps contain abandon containers such as drums, tanks, containers, and cylinders. These abandoned containers are sometimes referred to as ____ containers.

Back 9

Orphan

P242

Front 10

_____ laboratories, maybe used to manufacture, drugs, explosives, biological weapons, or chemical warfare agents.

Back 10

Illicit

P243

Front 11

_____ traps may be set to protect, illicit laboratories and other criminal activities.

Back 11

Booby traps

P244

Front 12

_____ may be defined as the unlawful or threatened use of force or violence against individuals or property, to coerce and intimidate governments or societies, often to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives.

Back 12

Terrorism

P245

Front 13

Terrorist organizations plan, activities that ____ effect the target population.

Back 13

Emotionally

P246

Front 14

____ are the most commonly used weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Back 14

Explosives

P246

Front 15

_____- an act of terrorism is intended to cause fear. Terrorists specifically target the public first responders, or both by causing damage and inflicting harm with the intent to kill.

Back 15

Intent

P247

Front 16

Severity and ____ -terrorist events may involve large numbers of casualties.

Back 16

Severity and complexity

P247

Front 17

____ devices are often designed to affect an ongoing emergency response in order to create more chaos and injure responders and bystanders.

Back 17

Secondary devices

P249

Front 18

The US department of homeland security (DHS) statistics suggest that secondary devices are present at __ of all terrorists incident sites.

Back 18

Half

P249

Front 19

The US centers for disease, control and prevention (CDC) defines biological terrorism (also known as _____) as “ the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can second or kill people, livestock, or crops”.

Back 19

Bioterrorism

P250

Front 20

An attack using a ____ weapon, may not be as immediately obvious as an attack using a bomb or industrial chemical.

Back 20

Biological

P250

Front 21

Generally, _____ weapons agents do not cause immediate health effects.

Back 21

Biological

P250

Front 22

Most biological agents take hours, days, or weeks to make someone ill, depending on the agents ____ Period.

Back 22

Incubation

P250

Front 23

In the beginning of a biological weapon attacks, only a __ patients may exhibit symptoms.

Back 23

A few

P250

Front 24

_____ attacks, utilize viruses, bacteria, and or biological toxins.

Back 24

Biological attacks

P251

Front 25

____ transmission: inhalation of airborne organisms or toxins- diseases remain suspended in the air for a long time, and when inhaled may penetrate deep into the respiratory tract.

Back 25

Airborne transmission

P251

Front 26

Contact with infected ___ -infected droplets transmit diseases through contact with mucus membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth.

____ generally, do not stay airborne for long periods of time.

Back 26

Droplets

Droplets

P251

Front 27

____ contact: such as touching or kissing an infected person- most sexually transmitted diseases fall into this category; other diseases transmitted, in this way, typically do not survive outside the human body for long.

Back 27

Direct contact

P251

Front 28

____ contact: such as touching contaminated surfaces- indirect contact diseases can generally survive on exposed services for extended periods of time.

Back 28

Indirect contact

P252

Front 29

_____ of Contaminated food or water: normally this occurs due to contact with infected fecal material.

Back 29

Ingestion

P252

Front 30

_____ - some diseases are spread by life forms such as: insects (fleas, Flies, ticks, and mosquitoes) and _____ such as rodents (mice, and rats) and livestock.

Back 30

Vectors

P252

Front 31

Depending on the agent used and the scope of an incident, healthcare personnel may be the first to realize that there has been a ____ attack.

Back 31

Biological

P252

Front 32

If possible, keep individuals who have been exposed to ___ agents from leaving the scene until a thorough risk Assessment has been conducted and appropriate measures taken (potentially, and consultation with local health authorities).

Back 32

Biological

P252

Front 33

At biological attack incidents, isolation and containment issues were primarily involved managing infected ____; public health authorities will likely manage these issues.

Back 33

Victims

P253

Front 34

A typical chemical incident has a rapid onset (minutes to ___) medical symptoms. With biological incidents, the onset of symptoms usually requires days to ____.

Back 34

Minutes to hours

Days to weeks

P253

Front 35

_____ agents are usually odorless and colorless, and biological attacks may affect a large area because of the movement of infected individuals between the time of infection in the onset of symptoms.

Back 35

Biological

P253

Front 36

EMS and public health personnel may be the first to detect a _____ attack because they are more likely to notice the unusual patterns of illness that distinguish biological attacks.

Back 36

Biological

P253

Front 37

A ____ attack is the delivered release of a toxic gas, liquid, or solid, that can poison people and the environment. Attackers may use chemical agents or ____ industrial materials (TIMs).

Back 37

Chemical

Toxic

P253

Front 38

Chemical agents, often referred to as chemical ____ (CW), are intended for use in warfare for terrorist activities to kill seriously injured, or seriously incapacitate people through their physiological effects.

Back 38

Chemical weapons

P253

Front 39

____ are particularly poisonous hazardous materials that are normally used for industrial purposes, but they could be used by terrorists to deliberately kill, injured or incapacitate people.

Back 39

TIMs

P254

Front 40

____ are particularly poisonous hazardous materials that are normally used for industrial purposes, but they could be used by terrorists to deliberately kill, injured or incapacitate people.

Back 40

TIMs

P254

Front 41

In addition to the use of ___ in terrorist attacks, their prevalence, especially in large quantities make them more likely to be involved in a hazardous materials incident than other chemical agents.

Back 41

TIMs

P254

Front 42

____ agents- are organophosphorus (OP) compounds that affect the functioning of the nervous system. Their primary route of entry is through direct contact with the skin.

Back 42

Nerve agents

P254

Front 43

____ agents (vesicants) burn and blister the skin or any other part of the body they contact.

Back 43

Blister agents

P254

Front 44

____ agents- (cyanide agents) are chemical asphyxiants. Blood agents are sometimes categorized as TIMs because they also have industrial applications.

Back 44

Blood agents

P254

Front 45

____ agents -(pulmonary or lung damaging agents) attack and cause tissue damage to the lungs. Like blood agents, choking agents have industrial applications, and responders may encounter may encounter them during normal hazmat indigents.

Back 45

Choking

P254

Front 46

Riot control ___ (tear gas or irritating agents) are chemical compounds that cause immediate irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and skin, temporarily disabling people.

Back 46

Riot control agents

P254

Front 47

Riot control ___ (tear gas or irritating agents) are chemical compounds that cause immediate irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and skin, temporarily disabling people.

Back 47

Riot control agents

P254

Front 48

_____ -produce a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours to days after exposure has occurred (unlike that produced by most riot control agents).

Back 48

Incapacitants

P254

Front 49

_____ agents, cause violent uncontrollable, sneezing, coughing, nausea, vomiting, in a general feeling of bodily discomfort. They are dispersed as an aerosol and produce effects by inhalation or direct action on the eyes.

Back 49

Vomiting agent

P254

Front 50

TIMs ( common hazardous materials used for terrorist purposes) are industrial chemicals that are toxic at certain concentration and are produced in quantities exceeding ___ tons per year at one production facility.

Back 50

30 tons

P254

Front 51

___ hazard-indicates a widely produced, stored or transported TIM that has high toxicity, and is easily vaporized.

Back 51

High hazard

P254

Front 52

____ hazard -indicates a TIM that may rank high in some categories, but is lower in others such as numbers of producers, physical state, or toxicity.

Back 52

Medium hazard

P254

Front 53

_____ hazard

Indicates that this TIM is not likely to be a hazard, unless specific operational factors indicate otherwise.

Back 53

Low hazard

P254

Front 54

____ agent may consist of two separate nontoxic components that when mixed become the active nerve agent. The components are known as fourth generation, chemical weapons, and some variance are thought to be 5 to 8 times more toxic than the nerve agent.

Back 54

Novichok

P256

Front 55

____ agent may consist of two separate nontoxic components that when mixed become the active nerve agent. The components are known as fourth generation, chemical weapons, and some variance are thought to be 5 to 8 times more toxic than the nerve agent.

Back 55

Novichok

P256

Front 56

____ attacks usually result in readily observable features, including signs, and symptoms that developed very rapidly.

Back 56

Chemical attacks

P256

Front 57

_____ containing antidotes is the most effective treatment for chemical agent exposure.

Back 57

Auto injectors

P257

Front 58

Emergency response agencies must include radiation monitoring is a normal part of response to any fire and we’re explosion incident. The only way to confirm if radiation is present at an incident is to use ______ monitoring equipment.

Back 58

Radiological

P258

Front 59

_____ attacks, utilize weapons that release, radiological materials, most likely in the form of dust or powder.

Back 59

Radiological

P258

Front 60

____ attacks are a little different from radiological attacks; nuclear attacks are the intentional detonation of a nuclear weapon.

Back 60

Nuclear attack

P258

Front 61

Radiological devices are sometimes referred to as ___ bombs because decontamination they spread, could ruin property crops or livestock and cause large areas to become unusable.

Back 61

Dirty bombs

P258

Front 62

A radiation exposure device (RED) is a powerful ____- emitting radiation source.

Back 62

Gamma

P259

Front 63

The US Department of defense defines a radiological-_____ device (RDD) as any device, including weapons, or equipment (other than a nuclear explosive device), specifically designed to disseminate radioactive material to cause destruction, damage, or injury by means of the radiation produced, and by the decay of such a material.

Back 63

Radiological dispersal devices

(RDD)

P259

Front 64

A ___ is intended to disperse, radioactive material over a large area, but is incapable of producing a nuclear yield.

Back 64

RDD

P259

Front 65

An ___ typically uses the force of conventional explosives to scatter radioactive material.

Back 65

RDD

P259

Front 66

Radiological – dispersal ____ (RDWs) or simple radiological dispersal devices (SRDDs) are ___explosive RDDs.

Back 66

Radiological – dispersal weapons (RDWs)

Non-explosive

P259

Front 67

The ICS and local/jurisdictional procedures will establish priorities at ____ incidents.

Back 67

Radiological

P260

Front 68

The ICS and local/jurisdictional procedures will establish priorities at ____ incidents.

Back 68

Radiological

P260

Front 69

If responders, suspect terrorism, they should proceed, cautiously, evaluate the scene for _____ levels, and note potential locations of secondary devices.

Back 69

Radiation

260

Front 70

Explosive, often referred to as _____ attacks, have been terrorists weapons of choice throughout history, and most experts agree that explosives are the greatest WMD threat today.

Back 70

Conventional

P261

Front 71

The majority of terrorist attacks involve the use of explosive materials and ____ devices, and typically are considered conventional attacks.

Back 71

Incendiary

P261

Front 72

An explosive (or _____) material is any material or mixture that will undergo an extremely fast, self propagating reaction when subjected to do some form of energy.

Back 72

Energetic

P262

Front 73

Explosive material’s react when they combine an _____ component with a fuel component.

Back 73

Oxidizing

P262

Front 74

An explosion results, when the material undergoes a physical or chemical reaction, that releases rapidly expanding ____.

Back 74

Gases

P262

Front 75

A blast – pressure wave has two phases: a ___ pressure phase and a negative- pressure phase (sometimes called the __ phase).

Back 75

Positive

Suction

P262

Front 76

And explosions negative pressure phase lasts about ___ times longer than the positive pressure phase.

Back 76

Three

P263

Front 77

Ventilation openings and the ____ of compartments or ruptures in the container can affect the shape of a blast-pressure front.

Back 77

Shape

P263

Front 78

Greater damage could result on one side of an explosion side than the other, as a result of the pressure _____ off of nearby structures.

Back 78

Reflecting

P263

Front 79

First responders are more likely to encounter, homemade ____ (HME) or improvised explosive devices than military explosives/weapons in their day-to-day response activities.

Back 79

Homemade explosive

P264

Front 80

The ERG provides an IED “ safe, stand off distance” table in the _____ bordered pages.

Back 80

Green

P264

Front 81

Home made explosive materials are typically made by combining an oxidizer with a _____.

Back 81

Fuel

P264

Front 82

Many oxidizers and fuels can be combined to form improvised, explosive material. Examples of improvised, explosive materials categories include, but are not limited to:

____ based explosives

Chlorate-based explosives

___ based explosives

Back 82

Peroxide based explosives

Nitrate based explosives

P265

Front 83

Person – bornE improvised explosive devices (PBIEDs) typically consist of bombs, worn or carried by a ____ bomber.

Back 83

Suicide

P268

Front 84

Person – bornE improvised explosive devices (PBIEDs) typically consist of bombs, worn or carried by a ____ bomber.

Back 84

Suicide

P268

Front 85

Suicide, bombers wear the PBIED in the form of ___ with many pockets sewn into them to hold explosive materials.

Back 85

Vests

P268

Front 86

The FBI uses the acronym ____ to designate indicators of a possible suicide bomber:

Alone and nervous

LOose and bulky clothing

Exposed wires

Ridged midsection

Tightened hands

Back 86

ALERT

P269

Front 87

The FBI uses the acronym ____ to designate indicators of a possible suicide bomber:

Alone and nervous

LOose and bulky clothing

Exposed wires

Ridged midsection

Tightened hands

Back 87

ALERT

P269

Front 88

If there are several strong indicators of a suicide bomber, the first priority is to clear and isolate the area and observe the bomber with ____ or spotting scopes. Trained personnel from an equipped public safety bomb technician unit must conduct the first approach.

Back 88

Binoculars

P269

Front 89

The FBI uses the acronym ____ to designate indicators of a possible suicide bomber:

Alone and nervous

LOose and bulky clothing

Exposed wires

Ridged midsection

Tightened hands

Back 89

ALERT

P269

Front 90

If there are several strong indicators of a suicide bomber, the first priority is to clear and isolate the area and observe the bomber with ____ or spotting scopes. Trained personnel from an equipped public safety bomb technician unit must conduct the first approach.

Back 90

Binoculars

P269

Front 91

____-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs) may contain many thousands of pounds of explosives that can cause destruction.

Back 91

Vehicle

P269

Front 92

The ___ has been designated as the lead agency for handling domestic terrorism, and WMD incidents.

Back 92

FBI

P271

Front 93

The preservation of life is more important than the preservation of ____. Life, saving operations take precedence. However, responders must- to the degree possible – avoid disturbing the scene.

Back 93

Evidence

P272

Front 94

Blister agent- also known as ____ and ___ agent.

Back 94

Vesicant

Mustard agent

P274

Front 95

Chemical Asphyxiant- substance that reacts to prevent the body from being able to use oxygen. Also known as ___ agent.

Back 95

Blood agent

P274

Front 96

_____ _____ includes:

-identifying the hazards

-interpreting the information available

-assessing what is happening

-predicting potential outcomes

Back 96

Situational awareness

P239