Growth And Development - Final Exam

Front 1

Peers

Back 1

Child compared to individuals who share the same age or maturity level

Front 2

Reciprocal Interaction

Back 2

talking back and forth

Front 3

Social Cognition

Back 3

understanding motivation of other people's behavior.

Front 4

Emotional self-regulation

Back 4

being able to control your emotions

Front 5

Sociometric Status

Back 5

assessed by asking children to rate how much they like or dislike a classmate

Front 6

What are the 5 peer statuses?

Back 6

Popular - considered best friend, liked by everyone.

Average - average number of both positive and negative likes/dislikes.

Neglected - considered best friend, but not disliked by their peers.

Rejected - not best friend, disliked by peers.

Controversial - best friend, being disliked.

Front 7

Bullying

Back 7

Popular with peers.

Verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful.

Boys more likely to be bullies

Front 8

Peers and Conformity

Back 8

Usually is in the 9th grade

Front 9

Clique

Back 9

Small groups that range from 2 - 12 individual and average of about 5 to 6.

Front 10

Crowd

Back 10

larger than cliques and less personal.

Usually based on reputation and may not spend much time together otherwise.

Front 11

Functions of Friendship are?

Back 11

Companionship.

Stimulation

Ego Support

Social Comparison

Affection and Intimacy

Front 12

Constructivism

Back 12

A student centered approach, that emphasizes child learns in own way, freedom to interact, with guidance from teacher.

Front 13

Direct Instruction

Back 13

Alot of drills, memorize, rules to follow.

Teacher centered class

Front 14

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

Back 14

Assessing the students is to narrow.

Alot of criticism.

Front 15

Child Centered Kindergarten

Back 15

Education that involves the whole child by considering both the child's physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development and the child's needs, interests, and learning styles.

Front 16

Teacher Centered

Back 16

Teacher teaches curriculum, not considering childs needs or learning needs.

Front 17

Head Start

Back 17

compensatory program designed to give children from low income families the opportunity to acquire skills and experiences that are important for success in school

Front 18

Self-esteem and early school years.

Back 18

Self-esteem goes down

Front 19

Stressors in Middle School are?

Back 19

peer pressure, bullies, drugs.

Front 20

Top Dog Phenomena

Back 20

The circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the youngest, smallest, and least powerful position in middle or junior high school.

Front 21

Adult Education

Back 21

Mostly Woman

Front 22

ADHD

Back 22

A disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics:

Inattention

Hyperactivity

Impulsivity

Front 23

Learning Disabilities

Back 23

when someone has average IQ but doesn't do well in a couple areas.

CT scans - integrating things from different parts of brain.

Front 24

Death Systems

Back 24

U.S. culture to death; denial to death, use eupheisms; passed on

Front 25

Reincarnation

Back 25

Hindu's believe

Front 26

Kubler-Ross stages of dying are?

Back 26

Denial and Isolation

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Acceptance

Front 27

Childhood death rates?

Back 27

200 years ago, almost 1 of every 2 children died before the age of 10, and one parent died before the children grew up.

In 1900, a life expectancy was 47 years old.

Today it has increased to 78 years old.

Front 28

When is someone considered dead?

Back 28

25 years ago, no respirations, no pulse, no BP, rigor mortis.

Now, brain death is a neurological definition of death. When all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time. A flat EEG.

Includes bothe the higher cortical functions - Personality and intelligence, and the lower brain stem functions, control heartbeat and respirations.

Front 29

Active euthanasia

Back 29

Lethal Injection

Front 30

Passive euthanasia

Back 30

withholding of available treatments, such as life sustaining devices, allowing the person to die

Front 31

Palliative Care

Back 31

emphasized in hospice care; involves reducing pain and suffering and helping individuals die with dignity.

Front 32

SIDS

Back 32

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

Do not know cause

Front 33

Adolescent Suicide

Back 33

physical illnesses, mental disorders, feelings of hopelessness, social isolation, failure in school and work, loss of loved ones, serious financial difficulties, drug use, and a prior suicide attempt.

3rd leading causing of death in 10 to 19 year olds in U.S.

Front 34

Factors in Growth and Development are?

Back 34

Biological, socioemotional, cognitive, environmental

Front 35

Erikson's stage theory

Back 35

8 stages / crisis / further healthy development

Front 36

Piaget's stage theory

Back 36

key characteristics, thinking, 4 stages of cognitive development

Front 37

Psychoanalytic Theory

Back 37

stress in development - early experiences with parents are emphasized.

Development primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.

Front 38

Phenotype

Back 38

Observable and measurable characteristics of an individual, such as height, hair color, intelligence.

Front 39

Dominant - Recessive Genes

Back 39

one gene of a pair always exerts its effect; it is dominant, overriding the potential influence of the other gene, called the recessive gene.

A recessive gene exerts its influence only if the two genes of a pair are both recessive.

Brown hair, farsightedness, and dimples rule over blond hair, nearsightedness, and freckles.

Front 40

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Back 40

Sensorimotor Stage - Birth to 2 years; sensory experiences with physical actions.

Preoperational Stage - 2 to 7 years; words and images, symbolic thinking, focus on wrong details.

Concrete Operational - 7 to 11 years; reason logically, classify objects into sets.

Formal Operational - 11 thru Adulthood; reasons more abstract, idealistic and logical ways.

Front 41

Object Permanence

Back 41

9 to 10 months old, can mentally represent objects.

Front 42

metacognition

Back 42

thinking about thinking.

knowing about knowing.

Front 43

Short Term Memory lasts?

Back 43

15 to 30 seconds.

Front 44

Intelligence

Back 44

ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experience.

Front 45

Self-Awareness

Back 45

knowing your weaknesses, strengths.

Understanding your psychological makeup.

Front 46

Gender differences in boys and girls are?

Back 46

Boys more physically aggressive.

Girls more verbally aggressive.

Front 47

Determinants of sexual orientation are?

Back 47

genetic, hormonal, cognitive, environmental,

Front 48

Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Back 48

6 stages of Moral Development.

PreConventional Reasoning - based on consequence of doing it, based on external rewards and punishments.

Conventional Reasoning - individuals abide by the standards of others such as parents or the laws of society.

PostConventional Reasoning - highest level; recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then decides on a personal moral code.

Universal Ethical Principles - the person has developed a moral standard based on universal human rights. faced with a conflict between law and conscience, person reasons that conscience should be followed. Value of life more important that property.

Front 49

Effectiveness of rewards and punishments.

Back 49

Need to be consistent and in a timely manner.

Front 50

Erikson's Stages of Development

Back 50

Trust versus Mistrust - Infancy to 1 year old.

Autonomy versus shame and doubt - 1 to 3

Initiative versus guilt - 3 to 5

Industry versus Inferiority - 6 to puberty

Intimacy versus Isolation - 20's, 30's

Integrity versus despair = 60's onward