Gross Anatomy: Unit 2: The Lower Limbs, Gluteal, And Sacral Regions

Front 1

What artery provides most of the blood supply to the lower limb?

Back 1

Femoral artery which has a branch that is called the profunda femoris (providing blood supply to anterior part of the thigh) which in turn gives smaller branches to all of the muscles of the anterior thigh

Front 2

The deep femoral artery has how many perforating arteries? What do they do?

Back 2

4 perforating branches that provide blood supply to the posterior part of the thigh

Front 3

Which artery provides blood supply to the medial part of the thigh?

Back 3

Obterator artery

Front 4

Where would you place a lead (catheter) into the left side of the heart, where would you place it first?

Back 4

Femoral artery

Front 5

If you want to place a lead (catheter) into the RIGHT side of the heart (angiography) where would you start it first?

Back 5

Femoral vein (just medial to the femoral artery)

Front 6

Once the femoral artery pass the abductor magnis, what artery does it became?

Back 6

Popliteal artery

Front 7

What are the two superficial veins that drain blood from the leg?

Back 7

The great saphenous vein (medially) and the lesser saphenous vein (laterally).

Front 8

TRUE or FALSE: Blood generally runs from superficial veins to deep veins.

Back 8

TRUE occurs because of skeletal muscles pushing it via the musculovenous pump. If it fails, you get varicose veins.

Front 9

Describe deep vein thrombosis.

Back 9

Formation of blood clots in deep veins of the lower limb because of poor blood flow (stasis) or injury to the walls of veins which stimulates clotting or as a consequence of disease process causing increased coagulation of blood. Risks included post surgery immobility. The thrombus grows bigger and breaks loose (embolus) and thravels up the CV system and can block blood flow to the lungs...BAD!

Front 10

Describe thromboflebitis.

Back 10

Thromboflebitis is a thrombosis in a ven which leads to inflammation around the clot site within the walls of the blood vessels. Causes pain, increased temperature at site. Long periods of sitting (such as long traveling/flights) can cause this.

Front 11

When you sit down, what part of what bone are you sitting on?

Back 11

Your ischial tuberocity

Front 12

Which two ligaments prevent anterior rotation of the vertebral column (particularly the sacral part)?

Back 12

The Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Front 13

Name the structures that pass through the great sciatic foramen between the gluteal region and pelvis.

Back 13

n

Front 14

Describe the structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen between the gluteal region and the perineum.

Back 14

n

Front 15

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 15

To hold in all of the structures of the perineum.

Front 16

Describe the tensor fasciae latae muscle (origin, insertion, function, etc).

Back 16

n

Front 17

Describe the gluetus maximus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 17

Function is to Stabalizes knee joint, innervation is from the superior gluteal nerve

Front 18

Describe the tensor fasciae latae muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 18

Innervation from the Inferior gluteal nerve, blood supply from inferior gluteal artery, hip extension is it's main function

Front 19

Describe the gluteus medius muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 19

n

Front 20

Describe the gluteus minimus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 20

Function is to maintain the horizontal plane of the pelvis without support.

Front 21

Describe the piriformus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 21

n

Front 22

Describe the superior gemalus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 22

n

Front 23

Describe the inferior gemalus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 23

Function is lateral rotation of the hip

Front 24

Describe the obterator internus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 24

Function is lateral rotation of the hip

Front 25

Describe the quadratus femorus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply, etc).

Back 25

Function is lateral rotation of the hip

Front 26

The sciatic nerve is made up of which two nerves?

Back 26

The tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve. They do NOT intermix at any point! They come from the sacral plexus

Front 27

Describe piriformus syndrome? What are it's symptoms?

Back 27

Chronic irritation and entrapment of the sciatic nerve from increased size of the piriformus muscle which causes sciatica (e.g. pain, tingling, muscle weakness down the leg, etc.)

Front 28

What portion of the gluteus maximus would you want to give an injection in to avoid nerve damage?

Back 28

The anterior superior portion of the gluteus maximus.

Front 29

How many muscles in the anterior part of the thigh? ?What do they do? What are they innervated by?

Back 29

Extend the hip and flex the knee is their function, there are 4 of them, and are innervated by parts of the sciatic nerve

Front 30

What are the 3 requirements for a muscle to be considered a hamstrings muscle?

Back 30

1. Proximal attachments of ischialtuberosity (cross hip joint)
2. Innervation of tibia or fibula (cross knee joint)
3. Muscle must be innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve

Front 31

What is the linea aspera?

Back 31

n