Gram + Non Spore (Forming Bacilli)

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1. LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES •

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• Primarily an animal pathogen

• With tumbling motility or ("end-after-end motility") at room temperature (wet mount and hanging drop) - presumptive way to detect Listeria

• Narrow band of Beta-hemolysis

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• Forms the so-called "inverted Christmas tree" pattern/ umbrella like growth on agar surface SIM media

• Cultured on Mc Brides media

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• Anton's test - virulence test/ ocular test of Anton, organisms inocculated in conjunctival sac of rabbit (+) purulent conjunctivitis

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• Diseases:

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1. Listeriosis - food poisoning

2. Septicemia - can infect blood

3. Meningitis in elderly and immunocompromised

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• Mode of transmission:

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- consumption of contaminated food, particularly COLESLAW and SOFT CHEESE

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• Virulence factor:

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Listeriolysin O - hemolytic cytotoxic toxin that allows survival of organism within phagocytes

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• CAMP test (+), can tolerate cold enrichment (4°C for several weeks)

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• CAMP test for Listeria uses: Rhodococcus equi known as organisms positive result: block type or shovel-type hemolysis

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2. ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE *

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* H²S positive on TSI media (it can cause blackening in large amount)

* Non-motile

* Catalase (-)

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* Causes erysipeloid, a localized skin infection; an occupational hazard for those handling meat and poultry and fish

* Hemolytic pattern: can be either alpha usually or beta-hemolytic

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* On gelatin stab: 'bottle brush or test tube brush or pipe cleaner pattern of growth

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3. LACTUBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS / DODERLAIN BACILLI ✓

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✓ Produced large amount of lactic acid, non-pathogenic and has little clinical significance

✓ Can be seen PAP stain smear since it's a normal flora: abnormal increase of L. acidophilus may indicate DM or patient might taking contraceptives

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✓ Normal flora of mouth: GIT and vaginal canal (it can protect women form urogenital bacteria

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✓ Trivia: L. acidophilus can be a component of yogurt

✓ Culture media: TJA (Tomato juice agar)

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Gram (+) non spore forming bacilli

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4. GENUS CORYNEBACTERIUM °

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° Non-motile, highly pleomorphic - can assume different forms; Bacillus with granules

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° Also known as, Klebs Loeffler's Bacillus

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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A very powerful exotoxin that attacks the mucous membrane of respiratory tract resulting to inflammation, following necrosis that can lead to pseudomembrane formation (cardinal sign for diphtheria infection)

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Diphtheria toxin

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Enhance granule formation and pleomorphism

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Loeffler's serum and PAI's coagulated Egg serum

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Small, moist, slightly raised grayish colonies with entire margin (poached-egg colony); enhances pigmentation of organism

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Loeffler's serum

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Enhances pleomorphism and granule formation; can produce gray to black colony

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PAI coagulated egg medium

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- it is a toxigenicity test to determine whether the organism is a toxin producer or not

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° Modified ELEK test positive (+)

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- Highly pleomorphic Corynebacterium organism

- Has few metachromatic granules

- Causes mastitis in cattle, an inflammation or infection of the breast

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Corynebacterium ulcerans

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Formerly Corynebacterium ovix; rare cause of lymphadenitis

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Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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Normal flora of skin, nasopharynx and conjunctival sac

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Corynebacterium xerosis

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Also known as, Hoffman's Bacillus, normal flora of human oropharynx/ oral flora (throat flora) . It may cause endocarditis

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Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum

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Causes erythrasma, a skin infection affecting axillary and pubic skin, produced coral red fluorescence when exposed to wood's lamp due to porphyrin

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Corynebacterium minutissimum

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Most commonly isolated, clinically significant C. spp

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Corynebacterium urealyticum

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Listeria vs. Corynebacterium:

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Listeria is both motile and salicin (+) while, Corynebacterium is non-motile and salicin (-)

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What is the disease diphtheria?

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It is a droplet infection characterized by low grade fever, mild sore throat and body weakness. *Patient may manifest a bull-neck appearance due to enlargement lymph nodes

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These colony types however have nothing to do with the degree/ severity of the infection.

3 colony types on CTA:

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Gravis

Mitis

Intermedius

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Largest colony type; dark grey colony with irregular edeges

1-2 mm in diameter

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Gravis

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Fried egg appearing organism in BAP

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Mitis

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Small and black colonies; 0.5 mm in diameter

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Intermedius