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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a wave? |
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter. |
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What is wavelength? |
Wavelength is the distance from one place in a wave to the next similar place on the wave; for example, the distance from crest to crest. |
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What is amplitude? |
Amplitude is the wave height from the rest position of the wave to the crest or the wave depth from the rest position to the trough. |
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What is frequency? |
Frequency is the rate of repetition of a wave. |
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What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? |
As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases. As the frequency decreases, wavelength increases. V = fλ (v=speed, f=frequency, λ=wavelength) |
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What are the parts of a wave? |
crest - top of hill trough - bottom of hill rest position - level of water where there are no waves *know how to label wave* |
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What is the electromagnetic spectrum? |
The entire range of electromagnetic radiation that extends from the shortest gamma rays to the longest radio waves, including light. |
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What are the waves that make up the electromagnetic spectrum? |
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, ultraviolet rays, visible light, x-rays, and gamma rays. |
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What is visible light? |
Visible light is light made up of wavelengths that canbe seen by the human eye.
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Where can you find radio waves? |
When broadcasting radio and TV |
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Where can you find microwaves? |
In cooking foods faster |
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Where can you use infrared waves? |
Keeping food warm in restaurants |
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Where can you find ultraviolet rays? |
Sunburn/tanning of the skin |
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Where can you find x-rays? |
Taking pictures of the interior of the human body |
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Where can you find gamma rays? |
Killing cancer cells |
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What are the primary colours? |
Red, blue, and green. |
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What are secondary colours? |
Colours that are created when two primary colours mix. Red+Green = Yellow Red + Blue = magenta Blue + green = cyan |
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What does the additive colour theory of light state? |
Additive Colour Theory states that when different colours of light are added together, a new colour is produced.
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What is light? |
Light is a form of energy that has differentcolours and travels in waves.
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What is bioluminescence? |
Chemical reaction that takes place inside a living organism that makes them emit light. |
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What is natural light? |
Light produced by the sun or other stars. |
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What is artificial light? |
Light produced through human technology. |
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What is a luminous object? |
Objects that emit their own light (e.g. sun, flashlight turned on) |
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What is a nonluminous object? |
Object that doesn't emit light (e.g. flashlight switched off). |
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What is incandescent light? |
Process of emitting light because of high temperature (e.g. light bulb, fire). |
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What is light from electric discharge? |
The process of emitting light because of electricity passing through a gas (e.g. lightning, neon gas). |
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What is fluorescent light? |
The process of emitting light while receiving energy from a different source (e.g. fluorescent light bulbs). |
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What is phosphorescent light? |
An object that can emit light for a period of time after light has been shined on it (e.g. glow in the dark toys). |
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What is chemiluminescence? |
The process of changing chemical energy into light energy with little change in temperature (e.g. glow sticks). |
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What is an image? |
An image is a reproduction of an object produced by an optical device like a mirror. |
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What is a normal? |
The dashed line drawn perpendicular to the mirror at the point of reflection represents an imaginary line called the normal. |
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What is an incident ray? |
The incoming ray is called an incident ray. |
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What is an angle of incidence? |
The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal. |
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What is the angle of reflection? |
The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal. |
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What does the law of reflection state? |
The law of reflection states that when light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection. |
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What is the law of reflection in mathematical symbols? |
θ i = θ r (theta 1 represents the angle of incidence, and theta two represents the angle of reflection)
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What is a plane mirror? |
Any mirror that has a flat reflective surface is called a plane mirror. |
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What is a virtual image? |
A virtual image is any image formed by rays that do not actually pass through the location of the image. |
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What is a focal point? |
The point where light rays meet or appear to meet is called the focal point. |
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What is a vertex? |
The middle point of a curved mirror is called the vertex. |
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What is the focal length? |
The focal length is the distance from the vertex to the focal point of a curved mirror. |
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What is a real image? |
A real image is an image formed by light rays that converge at the location of the image. |
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What is a concave mirror? |
A concave mirror caves in and reflects the surface on the inside oftheir curve. |
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What is another name for a concave mirror? |
Diverging mirror |
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SALT for object more than two focal lengths away |
smaller, inverted, in front, real |
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SALT for object between one and two focal lengths |
larger, inverted, in front, real |
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SALT for object directly on focal point |
no image is formed |
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SALT for object between mirror and focal point |
larger, upright, behind, virtual |
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what are some uses of a concave mirror? |
dental mirrors, cosmetic or shaving mirrors, car headlights |
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what is magnification? |
magnification is the measure of how much larger or smaller an image is compared with the object itself. |
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what are the formulas for finding magnification? |
M=hi/ho M=di/do |
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what is the formula for finding height of an image? |
hi=Mho |
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what is the formula for finding distance of an object? |
do=di/M |
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What is a convex mirror? |
A convex mirror is a mirror that caves out and reflects surfaces onthe outside of the curve
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What is another word for a convex mirror? |
A convex mirror is also called a diverging mirror. |
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SALT for convex mirror |
smaller than object, upright, virtual |
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where are convex mirrors used? |
They are used in magnifying glasses, securitycameras in stores, or in rear-view mirrors of a car.
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what is refraction? |
Refraction is the change of direction of lightwhen it travels from one medium to another.
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what is the index of refraction? |
The index of refraction is the ratio of thespeed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium
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what is the relationship between the index of refraction and speed of light? |
the slower the light travels in a median, the higher the index of refraction
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what is the formula for finding index of refraction? |
n=c/v
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what is the formula for finding the speed of light? |
v=c/n |
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what is a vacuum? |
an ideal space where nothing is blocking the light
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what are the rules of refraction? |
-light bends towards the normal as its speed decreases when it travels from one medium to another -light bends away from the normal as its speed increases when it travels from one medium to the other |
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special cases of refraction |
As the angle of incidence increases, therefracted ray travels along the boundary of the two materials. If the angle ofincidence is increased even more, all the light gets refracted back into thefirst medium, which is called totalinternal reflection.
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what is snell's law? |
the angle of refraction can be determined by multiplying the first medium with the angle of incidence. |
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what is the formula for smell's law? |
n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2
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what is a lens? |
a lens is a curved transparent material that is smooth and regularly shaped so that when light strikes it, the light refracts in a predictable and useful way. |
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what is the principal axis? |
the principal axis is an imaginary line drawn through the optical centre perpendicular to both surfaces. |
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what is the axis of symmetry? |
the axis of symmetry is an imaginary vertical line drawn through the optical centre of a lens. |
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what is the focal length? |
the focal length is the distance from the axis of symmetry to the principal focus measured along the principal axis. |
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what is a diverging lens? |
a diverging lens is also called a concave lens because it is thinner in the centre than at the edges. |
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SALT for diverging lens |
smaller, upright, in front, real |
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what is a thin lens? |
a thin lens is a lens that has a thickness that is slight compared to its focal length. |
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what is a converging lens? |
a converging lens is also called a convex lens because it is thicker at the centre than at the edges. |
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where are converging lenses used? |
refracting telescopes, magnifying glasses |
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SALT for object more than two focal lengths |
smaller, inverted, behind, real |
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SALT for object between one and two focal lengths |
larger, inverted, behind, real |
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SALT for object less than one focal length away |
larger, upright, in front, virtual |
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what is the thin lens equation? |
The equation that relates the distance of an object from the lens,distance of image from lens, and the focal length of a lens..
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what is the formula for the thin lens equation? |
1/f=1/do+1/di
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formula for finding distance of image |
1/di=1/f+1/do
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formula for finding distance of object |
1/do=1/f-1/di
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key rules of the thin lens equation |
-a concave lens has a negative focal length and a negative distance to the image -di is positive if the image is real and negative if the image is virtual -a convex lens has a positive focal length and either a positive or negative distance to the image depending on where object is placed |
