Grade 10 Ecology

Front 1

Abiotic Factors

Back 1

Non-living factors that affect an ecosystem such as sunlight, wind, temperature, etc.

Front 2

Biotic Factors

Back 2

Living factors that affect and ecosystem such as animals, growth rate, birth/natality rate, etc.

Front 3

Ecosystem

Back 3

The relations and interactions between species living in an environment.

Front 4

Food Chains

Back 4

A simple chain of organisms that show what feeds on what, and energy transfers between them.

Front 5

Food Web

Back 5

Complex chart of organisms that show the relation and energy transfer between them in an ecosystem.

Front 6

Trophic Levels

Back 6

Autotrophs -> make their own food, and are at the bottom of food chains. Primary Consumers -> Herbivores, eats autotrophs. Secondary Consumers -> Omnivores/Carnivores -> Consumes levels below it. Quatinary -> Rare, top of the chain.

Front 7

Detritus

Back 7

Waste from plants and animals, includes their dead remains.

Front 8

Peat

Back 8

Dead plant matter with carbon atoms locked within it.

Front 9

Decomposers

Back 9

Organisms that break down detritus for nutrients to use. Also releases nutrients to soil and water, showing how it returns to the living.

Front 10

Habitat

Back 10

Places where a species can live.

Front 11

Extinct

Back 11

Species that can no longer be found.

Front 12

Endangered

Back 12

Species close to extinction in a large location

Front 13

Extirpated

Back 13

Species cannot be found in one place, but can be found in another.

Front 14

Threatened

Back 14

Species likely to become endangered if vulnerable factors are not changed.

Front 15

Vulnerable

Back 15

Species at risk due to low/declining numbers.

Front 16

Biodiversity

Back 16

The biological diversity/number of species in an ecosytem.

Front 17

Balance Restoration

Back 17

When a species is (re)introduced to an ecosystem to balance it out. e.g) too much prey due to hunting of predator, therefore, more predators of the species is reintroduced to restore balance.

Front 18

Pests

Back 18

Organisms that cause problems for humans such as wasps. These organisms, however, are needed for other organisms food chains.

Front 19

Pesticides

Back 19

Chemicals designed to kill pests, harmful/inconvenient organisms to humans.

Front 20

Population

Back 20

Members of the same species form this.

Front 21

Community

Back 21

Populations collected together. For example, the population of one class, collected with all the other classes, creates this of the school.

Front 22

Ecotones

Back 22

Areas between ecosystems in which both ecosystems interact.

Front 23

Artificial Ecosystem

Back 23

Ecosystem planned out or maintained by humans.

Front 24

Natural Ecosystem

Back 24

Ecosystem that occurs naturally without chemicals, but is not necessarily untouched by humans.

Front 25

Photosynthesis

Back 25

How autotrophs get energy/food. Converts sunlight. Produces carbohydrates/sugar.

Front 26

Cellular Respiration

Back 26

Carbon dioxide and water is released as sugars are broken down.

Front 27

The Carbon Cycle

Back 27

The complimenting processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces CO2, which is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration produces sugars, which is photosynthesis.

Front 28

Chemical Equation for Carbon Cycle

Back 28

Photosynthesis C02 + H20 + light energy <====> C6H12O6 + O2 Cellular Respiration

Front 29

Law of Thermodynamics

Back 29

1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed.
2. Not all energy can be transferred/changed. Some will be converted into an unusable form and lost through heat.

Front 30

10% Rule

Back 30

This rule is the amount of energy that can be transferred through an ecosystem. The remainder of the amount is used on the organisms living needs.

Front 31

Biomass

Back 31

Mass of organisms in a given area/volume.

Front 32

Ecological Niche

Back 32

The organisms place in the food web, its habitat, breeding area, time of activity, and what an organism does to survive and reproduce.

Front 33

Organic Substances

Back 33

Contains atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Often, oxygen and nitrogen.

Front 34

Inorganic Substances

Back 34

Does NOT contain carbon and hydrogen. Carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia are examples of this.

Front 35

Bioamplification

Back 35

The higher the trophic level, the greater the concentration of toxins process. (Larger animals consuming smaller ones, therefore also consuming their waste.)

Front 36

Nitrogen Cycle

Back 36

Nitrification (Nitrates, NO3) => Nitrates (NO2) -> Atmospheric Nitrogen -> Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria -> Nitrification
Nitrification (Nitrates, NO3) => Proteins in plants/animals -> death decomposition -> animal feces -> Nitrogen fixing bacteria -> Nitrification

Front 37

Nitrogen Fixation

Back 37

When Nitrogen is converted into Nitrates. Through lightning, or bacteria in soil.

Front 38

Denitrification

Back 38

Nitrates broken down into nitrites, into nitrogen gas, and is released into nitrogen. This is the process of that, and is carried out by bacteria that don't need oxygen.

Front 39

Fertilizers

Back 39

Restores nutrients in plants.

Front 40

Biotic Potential

Back 40

Maximum number of offspring a species can produce if resources are unlimited.

Front 41

Factors of Biotic Potential

Back 41

These affect Biotic Potential: birth potential (max offspring per birth), survival capacity (number of offspring that reach reproduction age), procreation, (times a species can give birth each year), and length of reproductive life (age and years the individual can reproduce).

Front 42

Limiting Factors

Back 42

Things that prevent populations from attaining biotic potential.

Front 43

Carrying Capacity

Back 43

Maximum number of individuals that can be supported forever by an ecosystem.

Front 44

Law of Minimum

Back 44

Law that states nutrients in least supply will limit growth.

Front 45

Law of tolerance

Back 45

The law that states that an individual can survive within a range of an abiotic factor. The greater this is, the greater the chance of survival.

Front 46

Density independent factors

Back 46

Affects a population regardless of the population density (how much there is) such as fires, earthquakes. Things that do not care how much there is of you, it will hurt you muahahahahahaha

Front 47

Density dependent factors

Back 47

Things that rely on the populations density such as disease, food supply, water, or when we play Plague on the iPads; you don't start in a tiny spot you start in a big spot so your virus spreads faster to win it.

Front 48

Exponential Growth

Back 48

A rapid increase in birth rate, or growth in near perfect conditions; This is impossible, as 100% of offspring do not survive in nature. If placed on a graph, it would be shaped as a J.

Front 49

Predator/Prey Graph

Back 49

A graph shaped like an S - shows relation between predatory/prey.

Front 50

The Lion King

Back 50

The movie Mr A showed us for ecology and used for like 4 useless assignments idk i just wanted it to be 50 questions its disney hint hint wink wink