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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Science?
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a way of thinking in the pursuit of understanding nature
a way of investigating claims about natural phenomenon a body of knowledge resulting from scientific inquiry |
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Induction
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Making generalizations from specific observations
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Deduction
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Making predictions from existing generalizations
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Scientific Data
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Representative and unbiased
Reproducible Observational or experimental If repeatedly confirmed, It is a scientific fact |
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Hypothesis Must Be?
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Able to predict future observations
Falsifiable it must be able to be proven wrong |
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Theory
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A well tested and widely accepted view that scientist agree best explain certain observational Acts
Like the hypotheses from which it grew, it must also be testable and falsifiable |
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Scientific Revolutions
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Ruling Paradigms- the set of theories generally agreed upon by scientists in a given discipline
Conflict develops as observations cant be explained by existing theories A new paradigm is proposed Conflict arises between the old paradigm and the new paradigm The new paradigm eventually takes over, to become the new ruling paradigm |
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Catastrophism
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All of earth's features were produced by a few great, sudden, catastrophic events
These events occurred relatively recently, and they were the direct results of god's will |
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Plutonists vs. Neptunists
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Neptunists: all rocks form from the precipitation from water
Plutonist: all rocks form from the cooling of magma |
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James Hutton
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Published "Theory of the Earth"
Principle of Uniformiatrianism Rock Cycle, Ect, ect, ect |
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Uniformitarianism
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The processes that have shaped the earth in the geological past are essntially the same as those operating today
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The Rock Cycle: Know the three main rock groups and how they form.
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The Rock Cycle: Know the three main rock groups and how they form.
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How old is the earth
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4.53 billion years old
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Precambrian (including approximate age and major events)
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540 million years to 4.53 billion years
88% of earth's history |
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Phanerozoic
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0- 540 million years
Three major time parts Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic Organisms began to have hard parts; therefore they can be preserved |
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Compositional Structures
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Physical Properties
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Internal heat engines
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geothermal heat, this drives the formation of volcanoes, mountain belts, the continents and the ocean basin
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External Heat engine
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The sun- it drives the earths fluid envelopes
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Alfred Wegener
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Evidence of Continetal drift
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Geometric fit of the continents
Geologic matches Fossil matches Paleo-climatic evidence |
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Where are the world’s longest mountain chains located?
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Mid Ocean Ridges (in the ocean
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Harry Hess
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Sea Floor spreading
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Sea-Floor Spreading (and how it differs from continental drift)
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sea floor formed at mid ocean ridges
sea floor consumed at trenches Process driven by convection in the mantle |
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Magnetic inclination and how it varies with latitude.
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Magnetic inclination: angle made between the magnetic field and horizontal
Magnetic declination: horizontal angle between magnetic north and true north |
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Apparent Polar Wandering Curves
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It relates back to Pangea
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Magnetic Reversals
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The flipping of the magnetic field as seen in the geomagnetic time scale
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Geomagnetic time scale
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used to date time when the field has flipped more then once
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Magnetic Stripes (what are they and how do they form?)
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symmetrical around the axis of a ridge
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