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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is Science?
a way of thinking in the pursuit of understanding nature

a way of investigating claims about natural phenomenon

a body of knowledge resulting from scientific inquiry
Induction
Making generalizations from specific observations
Deduction
Making predictions from existing generalizations
Scientific Data
Representative and unbiased

Reproducible

Observational or experimental

If repeatedly confirmed, It is a scientific fact
Hypothesis Must Be?
Able to predict future observations

Falsifiable it must be able to be proven wrong
Theory
A well tested and widely accepted view that scientist agree best explain certain observational Acts

Like the hypotheses from which it grew, it must also be testable and falsifiable
Scientific Revolutions
Ruling Paradigms- the set of theories generally agreed upon by scientists in a given discipline

Conflict develops as observations cant be explained by existing theories

A new paradigm is proposed

Conflict arises between the old paradigm and the new paradigm

The new paradigm eventually takes over, to become the new ruling paradigm
Catastrophism
All of earth's features were produced by a few great, sudden, catastrophic events

These events occurred relatively recently, and they were the direct results of god's will
Plutonists vs. Neptunists
Neptunists: all rocks form from the precipitation from water

Plutonist: all rocks form from the cooling of magma
James Hutton
Published "Theory of the Earth"

Principle of Uniformiatrianism

Rock Cycle, Ect, ect, ect
Uniformitarianism
The processes that have shaped the earth in the geological past are essntially the same as those operating today
The Rock Cycle: Know the three main rock groups and how they form.
The Rock Cycle: Know the three main rock groups and how they form.
How old is the earth
4.53 billion years old
Precambrian (including approximate age and major events)
540 million years to 4.53 billion years

88% of earth's history
Phanerozoic
0- 540 million years

Three major time parts
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic

Organisms began to have hard parts; therefore they can be preserved
Compositional Structures
Physical Properties
Internal heat engines
geothermal heat, this drives the formation of volcanoes, mountain belts, the continents and the ocean basin
External Heat engine
The sun- it drives the earths fluid envelopes
Alfred Wegener
Evidence of Continetal drift
Geometric fit of the continents
Geologic matches
Fossil matches
Paleo-climatic evidence
Where are the world’s longest mountain chains located?
Mid Ocean Ridges (in the ocean
Harry Hess
Sea Floor spreading
Sea-Floor Spreading (and how it differs from continental drift)
sea floor formed at mid ocean ridges
sea floor consumed at trenches
Process driven by convection in the mantle
Magnetic inclination and how it varies with latitude.
Magnetic inclination: angle made between the magnetic field and horizontal

Magnetic declination: horizontal angle between magnetic north and true north
Apparent Polar Wandering Curves
It relates back to Pangea
Magnetic Reversals
The flipping of the magnetic field as seen in the geomagnetic time scale
Geomagnetic time scale
used to date time when the field has flipped more then once
Magnetic Stripes (what are they and how do they form?)
symmetrical around the axis of a ridge