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164 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a 3-stringed long-necked lute common in north africa?
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guinbri
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What instrument in N. Africa is made form a hollowed tree trunk covered with camel or cow skin stretched to form a sound board?
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guinbri
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What north african instrument is made in Morrocco, Mali, and senegal?
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guinbri
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What north african instrument is a double cymbal that is tradiotnally used in morrocco?
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kakaba
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What 8 places is north africa comprised of?
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western sahara, morocco, algeria, tunisia, libya, egypt, the canary islands, and sudan
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What is the early history of north africa?
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it is the cradle of history and civilization
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What is egypt known as?
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the cradle of civilization
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What are the two earliest civilizations in egypt?
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the kush and the axum
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What was the capital of the kush empire?
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meroe
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Who was the kush empire succeded by?
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Nubia
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Name four empires in west africa?
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ashanti, benin, oyo, and abaden
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Name 5 empires in south africa?
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zimbabwe, zulu, swazi, ndebele, and basuto
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Name 4 empires in eastern/ central africa?
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buganda, katanga, toro, and ankole
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several empires existed in africa before the arrival of what two groups?
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the arabs and the europeans
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The assyrians are from what 3 countries?
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turkey, iran, and iraq
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The persians under king darius built what?
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the suez canal
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What two peoples were the early conquerers of africa?
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the assyrians and the persians
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What was the trading route from egypt to Persia via the red sea?
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th suez canal
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who were the first people to conquer egypt?
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the arabs
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In what year had the arabs conqured as far west as morrocco?
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705 A.D.
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Southward expansion of Islam was delayed by what?
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christian nubians in the nile valley and christian abyssinia
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In what year did africa conquer Spain?
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711 A.d.
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The africans and the arabs were referred to as what by europeans?
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moors
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What were the blacks refferred to as by the europeans?
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blackamoor
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What two peoples established institutions of research and learning in Africa?
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the africans and the arabs
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In what century did the moors lose control of southern europe?
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the 15th century
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What were the 2 reasons that the moors lost control of southern europe?
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ferdinand and isabella's marriage and the christians united
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What did ferdinand and Isabellas marriage unite?
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the royal houses of aragon and Castile
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Africa's rule planted the seeds of progress where?
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in southern europe
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The progress of southern Europe from africa's rule inspired what?
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the rest of europe to progress in the 15th century
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The progress of europe brought on by Africa's rule carried to Medieval europe and into what?
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the modern world
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There is political stagnation in what north african country?
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morrocco
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what two groups of people are no longer protected in north africa?
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poets and scholars
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what is spain to north africa?
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a lost and hated land
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What did portugal rob north africa of?
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its western seacoast
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which country financed Columbus's voyages?
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spain
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What did christopher columbus set in motion?
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transatlantic slavery
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What is the north african carved wood drum dating back 800 years?
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djembe
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The tone of what kind of North African drums is very low and resonant?
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Djembe
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What drum is found in mali, sengal, and in other part of africa?
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djembe
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What north african instrument is a pear shaped, short necked, and fretless instrument?
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'ud
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What instrument is most common in egypt and the levant?
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'ud
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What north african instrument has 5 double courses of nylon or gut and metal-wound silk strings?
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'ud
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Christopher columbus introduced what type of slavery that involves masters?
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chattel slavery
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Who were the main victims of chattel slavery?
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african captives and Indians
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What was the catholic churches rationale for slavery?
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it was a blessing for the captives
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What empire expanded from anatolia (much of north africa)?
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ottoman empire
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What empire expanded from nearby areas of levant (eastern mediterranean)?
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ottoman empire
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What empire expanded from the western arabian peninsula?
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ottoman empire
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What empire expanded from modern-day iraq?
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the ottoman empire
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What was one reason for europe's tardy participation in imposing colnial rule?
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the turks
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Between 1550 and 1880 much of the north african region was dominated by whom?
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the turkish ottoman empire
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What did the berlin confrence set in motion?
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the scramble for africa
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After the abolition of slavery what took place in north africa?
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it was colonized
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Which country had the biggest claims in africa?
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france
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Europeans poured into what african country?
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algeria
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The europeans the poured into algeria were mostly what 2 countries?
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italian and french
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In what two countries in africa are there protectorates?
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tunisia and morrocco
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what is a state or political entity that remained autonomous but sacrificed its foreign affairs to an imperial power in exchange for protection from other imperial powers?
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protectorates
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france secured political cultural and economic power where?
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maghrib (maghreb)
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In arab what place is known as the "west" "the occident" or "the land of the sunset"?
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Maghrib (maghreb)
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What 3 countries are apart of the maghreb?
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morrocco, algeria, and tunisia
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In WWI who did france beat?
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the german-ottoman turk alliance
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What 2 places did france gain control of after WWI?
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northern syria and lebanon
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What european country wanted to control sea lanes to india?
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britain
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Britain planned on controling the sea lanes to india by establishing a protectorate over what two places?
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the arabian peninsula and the persian gulf
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kuwait, bahrain, qater, the united Arab emiratesand eden (southern yemen) were apart of what empire/
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british
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What country in north africa was an object of interest?
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egypt?
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European _______ and ________ gained considerable influence over egypt's economy.
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bank and trading companies
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Who gained control over southern morrocco in 1912?
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Spain
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After WWII what 6 regions of africa were "independant"?
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sudan, egypt, tunisia, morrocco, and algeria
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Which conflict for independance was most bloody in africa?
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algeria
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Who is an ex-sergeant in the french military?
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Ahmed Ben bella
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Ahmed ben bella joined 8 algerian exhiles and formed what?
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the national liberation front
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Where did the resistance of Algeria vs France move?
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rural to urban
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In the conflict between Algeria and France the french army slaughtered who and raided who/
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slauhgtered civilians and raided muslim villages
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Relentless assaults by the algerians and growing international pressure led to what?
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independance from france for the algerians
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Who is gillo Pntecorvo?
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an italian filmaker
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a gas consisiting primarily of methane
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natural gas
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unprocessed pertoleum
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crude oil
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Who is 3rd in the production of crude oil with about 9%?
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africa
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what is formed from the remians of marine plant and animal life which existed many millions of years ago in the form of fossil fuels.
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petroleum
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What is a region of both incredible wealth and disheatning poverty?
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north africa
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N. Africa has rich reserves of what two things?
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natural gas and petroleum
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What are the 5 major oil producing nations of N. Africa?
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Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the united arab emirates
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What are the five smaller oil producers of n. africa?
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algeria, egypt, libya, tunisia, and sudan
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Which two countries in africa have higher crude oil prices?
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algeria and libya
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What act of 2007 specifically targets the main sources of revenue of Khartoumi; oil, power, production, mining and military equipment?
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the sudan accountability and divestment act of 2007
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Who is the first vice president of sudan?
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salva Kir Mayardit
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What does darfur mean?
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land of the fur
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Conflict broke in the impovershied darfur region in 2003 after what two groups began attacking government targets?
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the sudan liberation army and the justice and equality movement
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in what conflict did two groups accuse khartoum of oppressing black africans an favor of arabs?
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the conflict in darfur
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many years of tension over land and grazing rights between the mostly nomadic arabs and farmers from the fur, massalect, and zaghawa communities led to what conflict?
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the darfur conflict
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what type of economy does sudan have?
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fertiles soils which are ideal for farming
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What is common in morrocco?
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widespread poverty particulalrly in the atlas mountains where many berbers live
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What peoples are sendentary?
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berbers
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which peoples practice a farming system in which they remain in one place.
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berbers
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What is farming in one place year round the opposite of? (3)
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shifting cultivation, nomadic or pastralism
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what is raising large animals, usually cattle, sheep, goats, horses and sometimes camales and other species?
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pastralism
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Privitization in Egypt is the norm under which person?
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president hosni mubarek
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What industry is popular in egypt?
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manufacturing
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what is the phenomenon that involves some of the country's brightest poeple leaving for better jobs in advanced capatilist nations?
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brain drain
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What sex is unemployed more in north africa?
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men
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Why are more men unemployed in north africa?
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b/c many women are not included in the labor force
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What is a popular tourist destination in north africa?
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egypt's sinai coast
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What are three popular animals in north africa?
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southern arabian gray wolf, nubian ibex, persian squirrel
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what are the 2 main issues looming in Southwest Asia and North Africa?
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the arab-isreal conflict and Islamism
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When the Jews settled in palestine in the 1880s what were the two things that the did?
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they purchased land and neighborly relations were maintained.
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In 1914-1918 who did the ottomans side with?
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the germans
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In 1914-1918 who supported an Arab revolt against the ottomans with the promise of self-rule?
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britain
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In 1914-1918 who promised the jews a homeland in Palestine?
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britain
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Who was the forign secretary in 1917?
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lord balfour
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In 1918 Prince Faysal idn husayn of the Arabian Hashemite dynasty lead the Arabs to take over what land?
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syria
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After world War I, the league of nations grants which two european countries control over the former ottoman empire?
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france and britain
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After WWI france receieved what land?
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syria
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After WWI britains received what lands? (4)
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isreal, the west bank, the gaza strip, and jordan
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In 1921, the british split their mandate into 2 diffrent areas. What is the area east of the jordan?
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Emirate of transjordan
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who ruled the emirate of transjordan?
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faysal'sbrother abdullah
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In 1921, the british split their mandate into 2 diffrent areas. What is the area west of the jordan?
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palestinian mandate
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In the 1930s why did Jewish immigration to palestine increase?
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because of the persecution of the nazis
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In the 1930s arabs wanted to impose restrictions on the # of jews entering the region. what did this cause?
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clashes developed between jews and palestines
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In 1947, britain gave up the mandate and who took over?
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the UN
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In 1947 the Un took over Britains mandate and what did they suggest will be done with the land?
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they suggested that their be one land for the arabs and one land for the jews
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In 1948 david ben gurion declared what?
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that isreal was a jewish state
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What four contries came to a defeat after trying to defeat the Jews on their newly acquire dland of isreal?
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egypt, syria, lebanon, and jordan
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In 1949 what did the jew acquire?
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more land
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gamal Abdel nasser is the president of what country?
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egypt
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What did gamal abdel Nasser nationalize?
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the suez canal
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In the 1950s the alliance between what 4 countries became tense?
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france britain, egypt and isreal
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What took place in july of 1956?
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the suez canal crisis
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What took place in June of 1967?
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the six-day war
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What took place in october of 1973?
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the yom kippur war
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What did nasser promote?
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pan-arabism
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What is suez?
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a seaport town in egypt
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How long is the Suez canal?
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102 miles long
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What does the suez canal connect?
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it connects the medittarrean sea with the waters of asia
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In 1964 what did Nasser give his full support to?
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the PLO's leadership fatah
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In 1964 what did nasser help the PLO do?
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he helped build their political and militariy position in the arab world
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What is the PLO?
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Palestine Liberation Organization
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Who founded the PLO in the 1950s?
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yasser arafat
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What is the reserve acronym for harakat al-tahrir al-Filisitiniya?
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fatah
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What does fatah mean in arabic?
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conquest
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Who is Kermit Roosevelt?
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American intelligent officer
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What is the acronym for harakat al-muqawama al-islamiya?
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hamas
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What does hamas mean in arabic?
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zeal
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What is hamas?
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an islamic resistance movement
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What is hamas a branch of?
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the muslim brotherhood
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What did muhammad Anwar Al sadat want?
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wanted pro-arabism to forge unity
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How did nasser die?
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he was assasinated
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What are the four things that islam is streotypically associated with?
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oil iran afghanistan and terrorism
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In 1979 what was the iranian reolution known as?
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the islamic revolution
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What is the capital of libya?
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tripoli
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What has colonel muamma al-qaddafi done since he took office in 1969?
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he has formented regional tension
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Colonel muamma al-qaddafi starined relation with which two countries since his come to office in 1969?
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egypt and chad
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what is the capital of algeria?
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algiers
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Algeria plunged into an escalating cycle of what?
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islamist-led violence
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The islamist-led vionlence in algeria led to what in most of the 1990s?
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violence and protests
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How many algerians and forign vistors were killed with the islamist-led violence in algeria?
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150,000
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What are islamist extremists linked with?
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al-qaeda
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What peoples have periodically erupted in violence, protesting an increasingly hostile national governement?
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berber
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What do the algerian berbers complain of?
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discrimination by the governement
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Who do the berbers pre-date?
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the arabs
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What percentage of algeria is berbers?
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thrid to fifth percent
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What have the berbers campaingned for since they have received their independance from france?
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greater rights
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