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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristotle
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- created the Great Chain of Being
- believed in the Fixity of Species |
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Great Chain of Being
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all species can be ranked hierarchally between heaven and hell
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Fixity of Species
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species don't change over time (you are what you are)
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1. How old is the Earth?
2. What is the relationship of humans to the rest of the world? 3. Can species change into other species over time? 4. How do species change through time? |
Four Questions that have Shaped Evolutionary Thought
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Ptolemy
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believed that the Earth is the center of the universe
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Lightfoot & Ussher
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believed the Earth was relatively young (6000 years old)
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Copernicus
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believed that the Earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric theory)
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Kepler
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believed that the Earth rotated in an ellipse, not a circle
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Galileo
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developed telescopes
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Newton
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developed the laws of gravitation and motion
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Ray
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- developed taxonomy
- defined species and genus |
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Taxonomy
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classification of organisms
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Linnaeus
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- wrote Systema Naturae
- developed categories Class and Order |
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Systema Naturae
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the first systematic classification of organisms in which each organism is given a name consisting of two terms (generic and specific)
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Buffon
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- wrote Natural History
- believed that species could change through time, but are not descended from other species - believed world was old, not young |
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Catastrophism
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belief that modern species are not descendants of extinct species
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Cuvier
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- founding father of comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology
- proponent of catastrophism |
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Hutton
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proponent for uniformitarianism
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Uniformitarianism
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natural processes that exist today are the same that existed in the past
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Lyell
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- founder of modern geology
- believed that the Earth was older than said be |
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Erasmus Darwin
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- proposed idea of the origin of species through evolution in Zoonomia
- believed there was no mechanism for evolutionary change |
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Malthus
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- wrote the Principle of Population
- believed that too many people would lead to competition for food resources and a struggle for existence |
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Lamarck
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- one of the firsts to propose a mechanism for evolutionary change
- proposed the theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics |
