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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
algorithm
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The sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.
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assignment operator
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The equal sign; it always requires the name of a memory location on its left side.
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assignment statement
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A statement that stores the result of any calculation performed on its right side to the named location on its left side.
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binary
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A numbering system that uses two values, 0s and 1s.
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binary decision
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A yes-or-no decision; so called because there are two possible outcomes.
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camel casing
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The format for naming variables in which the initial letter is lowercase, multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter.
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central processing unit (CPU)
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The piece of hardware that processes data.
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character
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A letter, number, or special symbol such as “A”, “7”, or “$”.
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coding
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To write the statements of a program in a programming language.
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command prompt
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The location on your computer screen at which you type entries to communicate with the computer’s operating system using text.
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compiler
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Software that translates a high-level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. Similar to an interpreter. However, a compiler translates all the statements in a program prior to executing them.
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connector symbol
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A flowchart symbol used when limited page size forces you to continue the flowchart elsewhere on the same page or on another page.
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compiler
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Software that translates a high-level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. Similar to an interpreter. However, a compiler translates all the statements in a program prior to executing them.
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conversion
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The entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.
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connector symbol
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A flowchart symbol used when limited page size forces you to continue the flowchart elsewhere on the same page or on another page.
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data
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All the text, numbers, and other information that are processed by a computer.
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conversion
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The entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.
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data hierarchy
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Represents the relationship of databases, files, records, fields, and characters.
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data
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All the text, numbers, and other information that are processed by a computer.
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data type
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The characteristic of a variable that describes the kind of values the variable can hold, the amount of memory it occupies, and the types of operations that can be performed with it.
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data hierarchy
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Represents the relationship of databases, files, records, fields, and characters.
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database
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A logical container that holds a group of files, often called tables, that together serve the information needs of an organization.
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data type
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The characteristic of a variable that describes the kind of values the variable can hold, the amount of memory it occupies, and the types of operations that can be performed with it.
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decision symbol
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A symbol that represents a decision in a flowchart, and is shaped like a diamond.
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database
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A logical container that holds a group of files, often called tables, that together serve the information needs of an organization.
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declaration
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A statement that names a variable and tells the computer which type of data to expect.
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decision symbol
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A symbol that represents a decision in a flowchart, and is shaped like a diamond.
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declaring variables
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The process of naming program variables and assigning a type to them.
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declaration
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A statement that names a variable and tells the computer which type of data to expect.
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declaring variables
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The process of naming program variables and assigning a type to them.
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desk-checking
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The process of walking through a program solution on paper.
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dummy value
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A preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
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eof
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An end-of-data file marker, short for “end of file.”
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executing
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To have a computer use a written and compiled program. Also called running.
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external storage
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Persistent, relatively permanent storage outside the main memory of the machine, on a device such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or flash media.
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field
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A single data item, such as lastName, streetAddress, or annualSalary.
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flat file
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A data file that can only be written or read sequentially and is not part of a relational database.
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floating-point value
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A fractional, numeric value that contains a decimal point.
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flowchart
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A type of pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
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flowline
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An arrow that connects the steps in a flowchart.
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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A program interface that uses screens to display program output and allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.
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hardware
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The equipment of a computer system.
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high-level programming language
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A programming language that is English-like, as opposed to a low-level programming language.
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identifier
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A variable name.
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infinite loop
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A repeating flow of logic without an end.
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input device
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Hardware such as keyboards and mice; through these devices, data items enter the computer system. Data can also enter a system from storage devices such as magnetic disks and CDs
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input symbol
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A symbol that indicates input operations and is represented as parallelograms in flowcharts.
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integer value
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A whole-number, numeric value.
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internal storage
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Temporary storage within the computer; also called memory, main memory, primary memory, or random access memory (RAM).
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interpreter
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Software that translates a high-level language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language incorrectly. Similar to a compiler. However, an interpreter translates one statement at a time, executing each statement as soon as it is translated.
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IPO chart
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A program development tool that delineates input, processing, and output tasks.
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literal numeric constant
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A specific numeric value. Also called a numeric constant.
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literal string constant
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A text constant. In most modern languages, a literal string is enclosed within quotation marks.
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logic
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Instructions given to the computer in a specific sequence, without leaving any instructions out or adding extraneous instructions.
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logical error
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An error that occurs when incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order. Contrast with syntax error.
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low-level language
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A programming language not far removed from machine language, as opposed to a high-level programming language.
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machine language
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A computer’s on/off circuitry language; the low-level language made up of 1s and 0s that the computer understands.
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maintenance
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All the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.
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making a decision
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To test a value resulting in a true or false outcome.
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making declarations
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The process of naming program variables and assigning a type to them.
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mnemonic
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A memory device; variable identifiers act as mnemonics for hard-to-remember memory addresses.
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named constant
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A named memory location, similar to a variable, except its value never can change during the execution of a program. Conventionally, constants are named using all capital letters.
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numeric constant
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A variable that holds numeric values.
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object-oriented programming
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A programming technique that focuses on objects, or “things,” and describes their features, or attributes, and their behaviors. Contrast with procedural programming.
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output device
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A computer device such as a printer or monitor that lets people view, interpret, and work with information processed by the computer.
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output symbol
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A symbol that indicates output operations, and is represented as a parallelogram in flowcharts.
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Pascal casing
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The format for naming variables in which the initial letter is uppercase, multiple-word variable names are run together, and each new word within the variable name begins with an uppercase letter.
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procedural programming
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A programming technique that focuses on the procedures or modules that programmers create. Contrast with object-oriented programming.
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processing
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To organize data items, check them for accuracy, or perform mathematical operations on them.
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processing symbol
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A symbol that contains program processes, such as arithmetic statements, and is represented as a rectangle in flowcharts.
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programming language
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A language such as Visual Basic, C#, C++, Java, or COBOL, used to write programs.
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prompt
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A message that is displayed on a monitor, asking the user for a response.
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pseudocode
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An English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
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query
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A question that pulls related data items together from a database in a format that enhances efficient management decision making.
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rules of precedence
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Rules that dictate the order the operations in the same statement are carried out.
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running
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To have a computer use a written and compiled program. Also called executing.
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saving
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To store a program on some nonvolatile medium.
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scripting language
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A language such as Python, Lua, Perl, or PHP used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard and are stored as text rather than as binary executable files. Also called scripting programming languages or script languages.
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semantic error
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An error that occurs when a correct word is used in an incorrect context.
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sentinel value
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A value that represents an entry or exit point.
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software
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The programs used by a computer.
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storage device
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A hardware apparatus that holds information for later retrieval.
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string variable
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A variable that holds character or text values.
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syntax
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The rules of a language.
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syntax error
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An error in language or grammar. Contrast with logical error.
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terminal symbol
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A symbol used at each end of a flowchart. Its shape is a lozenge. Also called a start/stop symbol.
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software
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The programs used by a computer.
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text constant
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A constant enclosed within quotation marks. A literal string.
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storage device
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A hardware apparatus that holds information for later retrieval.
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text variable
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A variable that holds character values. A string variable.
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string variable
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A variable that holds character or text values.
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TOE chart
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A program development tool that lists tasks, objects, and events.
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syntax
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The rules of a language.
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variable
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A named memory location of a specific data type, whose contents can vary or differ over time.
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