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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main components of the brain? |
forebrain (cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon) midbrain hindbrain (medulla, pons, and cerebellum, which together form a connection between the brain and spinal cord) |
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What the 3 divisions of the frontal lobe? |
orbitofrontal/ventomedial region dorsolateral region dorsomedial region |
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What is function of the orbitofrontal/ventromedial region in frontal lobe? |
important for emotion regulation, reward monitoring, and personality. Damage to orbitofrontal produces disinhibition whereas damage to ventromedial results is disordered reward/punishment processing and problems marking perceptual or learning experiences with reward value and emotional significance Anxiety book also mentions that worry and self control come from OFC. OFC is also involved in estimating the cost of future events (which I guess is related to rewards/punishments, learning experiences) Per FHN book, Ofc very important in emotion because it represents positive and negative rewards and learns which previously neutral stimuli are associated with positive and negative rewards and when these associations change Meta analysis shows that pleasure is represented by activity in ofc |
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What is function of dorsolateral region of frontal lobe? |
important in a broad band of cognitive-executive functioning. Damage produces dysexecutive syndromes, impairments in working memory, and poor attentional control of behavior |
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What is function of dorsomedial region of frontal lobe? |
important for intentional and behavioral activation; extensive damage produces striking impairment in initiated behavior including akinetic mutism, in which the person is alert and awake (not comatose) but cannot move or speak |
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What are the regions of the temporal lobe? |
temporal polar cortical area ventral temporal area posterior temporal region |
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What is function of temporal polar cortical area in the temporal lobe? |
It is a polymodal convergence zone important for intercessory integration and semantic memory |
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what is the function of the ventral temporal area in temporal lobe? |
it is important for object recognition and discrimination; bilateral damage can produce object or face agnosia |
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What is the function of the posterior temporal region in temporal lobe? |
it is comprised of the middle and superior temporal sulk, which contains the primary auditory area and Wenicke’s area in the language-dominant hemisphere, important for language comprehension and prosodic comprehension in the homologous non-dominant hemisphere (note the homologous means having a similar position, structure and evolutionary origin but not necessarily function) |
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What are the regions of the parietal lobe? |
superior parietal lobe temporoparietal junction inferior parietal lobule |
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What is the function of the superior parietal lobe? |
important for sensory-motor integration, body schema, and spatial processing |
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What is the function of the temporoparietal junction? |
important for phonological and sound-based processing; language comprehension (left) and music comprehension (right) |
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What is the function of the inferior parietal lobule? |
important for complex spatial attention, integration of tactile sensation and self awareness |
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Where is acetylcholine primarily found in the brain? |
-the pontomesencephalic region - the basal forebrain and nucleus of basalis of meynert, medial septum, nucleus of the diagonal band
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What is the cognitive relevance of acetylcholine? |
attention, memory, learning, regulation of thalamic output Per FHN book it is associated with the orienting network in the Posner attention module |
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Where is norepinephrine/noradrenaline primarily found in the brain? |
locus coeruleus, lateral tegmental area |
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What is the cognitive reliance of norepinephrine/noradrenaline? |
attentional shifting, arousal mood, sleep-wake cycle Per FHN book it is associated with the alerting system in the Posner attention model |
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Where is serotonin primarily found in the brain? |
rostral raphe dorsal raphe |
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What is cognitive relevance of serotonin? |
Mood, arousal pain, respiration, temperature, motor control |
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Where is dopamine found in the brain? |
mesotriatial; substance nigra pairs compatica mesolimbic; ventral tegmental area mesocortical Tubero-infundibular;hypothalamus |
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What is cognitive relevance of dopamine? |
motor regulation, thalamic gating memory, reward systems executive function, working memory, “top down” attention, motor initiation lactation, menstruation, sexual behavior Per FHN book it is associated with the executive network of attention in Posner model |
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Where are GABA and glutamate found? |
Both widely distributed in the brain |
