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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a food additive?
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It's any substance added to foods.
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Most additives are __________and must be approved by the Food & Drug Administration
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Intentional additive
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Indirect additives are __________.
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Contaminates
Most are anticipated though. |
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Intentional adulteration is _________.
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illegal
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Indirect Additive Examples are________
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Antibiotics, Dioxins, Dirt/dust, Hair, Hormones, Insects, Microwave packaging
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What are the uses of Food additives?
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Uses are to maintain product consistency, to improve or maintain nutritional value, to maintain palatability and wholesomeness,
to provide leavening or control acidity/alkalinity, to enhance flavor or impart desired color |
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Principles of Food Additive Use include......?
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Safety first, Efficacy of function is important, Nutritional value must not be diminished and Must be detectable.
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Is radiating a process or an ingredient.
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It is a process, but it is classified as an ingredient.
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What are the major types of food additives? (there are 20)
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Antimicrobial Agents, antioxidants, Colorants, Curing Agents, Emulsifiers, Enzymes, Flavorings, Leavening Agents, Nonnutritive sweeteners, Nutritive Sweeteners, Oxidizing agents, pH control agents, and Stabilizers and thickeners
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What are some examples of Antimicrobial agents?
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iodine, hydrogen peroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride
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What are some examples of antioxidants?
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BHA, BHT, ascorbic acid, tocopherols (vitamin E)
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When does an act become a law?
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When the POTUS signs it.
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What is a stature?
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a rule or administrative code issued by governmental agencies
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What is a code?
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a collection of statutes and rules
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What is a regulation?
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it's implemented to enforce statutes
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What is a rule?
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a regulation in its final form
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When is a proposed law written?
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when a change is needed in regulation and includes time for public comment
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What some examples of colorants?
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FD&C certified color additives, exempt colorants
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What are some examples of Anticaking and free-flowing agents?
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Silicates and talc
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What are some examples of curing agents?
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Sodium nitrite
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What are some examples of emulsifiers?
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Lecithin, monoglycerides, sodium phosphate
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What are some examples of enzymes?
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Pectinase, glucose oxidase, invertase
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What are some examples of leavening agents?
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Baking powder
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What are some examples of Flavorings?
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Essential oils, monosodium glutamate
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What are some examples of Nonnutritive sweeteners?
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saccharin and aspartame
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What are some examples of Nutritive sweeteners?
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sucrose, lactose, maltose, and fructose
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What are some examples of oxidizing agents?
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Chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, benzoyl peroxide, sodium hypochlorite
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What are some examples of pH control agents?
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Acidulants: malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, vinegar, phosphoric acid
Alkaline compounds: sodium hydroxide |
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What are some examples of Stabilizers and thickeners?
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Starch, pectin, gums, cellulose, gelatin
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What are the 2 types of pH control agents?
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Acidulants and Alkaline compounds
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What is the code of Federal Regulations?
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The annual compilation of rules
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What does Title 9 deal with?
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Animal and animal products
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What does Title 21 deal with?
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Food and Drugs
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What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?
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Prohibited interstate commerce of misbranded and adulterated foods, beverages and drugs
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What is the Federal Meat Inspection Act?
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Required antemortem and postmortem inspection of meat animals for interstate commerce
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The Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act did what? (4 things)
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Gave FDA authority over food and food ingredients, Required a standard identity for several foods (about 80),
Required a standard of minimum quality, Required a standard of container fill |
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Food Additives Amendment says what?
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Requires FDA approval for use of an additive
All safe substances in foods prior to 1958 are prior sanctioned substances |
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What is GRAS?
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(Generally Recognized as Safe)
and those ingredients recognized by experts as safe |
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What does the Delaney Clasue prohibit?
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the approval of an additive if it is found to cause cancer in humans or animals
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What did the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act require? (don't worry too much about this one.)
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Identity of product
Name and place of business of manufacturer Net quantity of contents Net quantity of a serving |
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What did the Pesticide Residue Amendment do?
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Split the jurisdiction for pesticides between USDA and FDA
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Action Levels allow for what?
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contamination at levels below an enforcement level
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What is the Biotechnology Policy?
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FDA policy that states the agency will focus on the safety of a food, not the manner in which it was developed
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What does the Biotechnology Policy do? (2 things)
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Allowed the approval of recombinant bovine somatotropin (BST)
Allowed approval of Flavr Savr tomato, a genetically engineered whole food |
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Who is an enforcer of Food Law?
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USDA (food safety and inspection service) AND HHS (food and drug administration)
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Why do businesses cooperate with recalls? (3 reasons)
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Court orders
Impoundment Withdrawl of inspection |
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Can USDA or FDA force a recall.
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No, they can only suggest it.
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What is a class 1 recall?
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Recall of dangerous products that could cause serious health problems or death
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What are Class 2 recalls?
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Recall of products that might cause temporary health problems
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What are Class 3 recalls?
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Recall for products not likely to cause a health impact but violate regulations
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What are some foods that have acceptable levels of filth?
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Chocolate, Coffee, Peanut Butter, Mushrooms and Tomato Paste
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What are the factors that the FDA consider for safety?
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Amount likely to be consumed, Composition, and Long-term effects.
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Do food and color additives require evidence of their safety before they are marketed?
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Yes
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What is a teratogen?
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abnormal fetal development
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What is a mutagen?
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change in the DNA of cells
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What is a carcinogen?
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cancer development
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Do All food additives have the potential to cause harm or toxicity?
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Yes
Acute, subacute and chronic responses are common |
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Why was the Ames Test developed?
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to identify the mutagenic potential of chemical substances
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What is the Ames Test based on?
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testing the response of bacterial cells to chemical substances
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What are some foods that need Food Irridation Approval? (6)
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Spices, Fruits, Poultry, Pork, Meat, Eggs
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What does the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act require?
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nutritional labeling of almost all foods covered by the FDA
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What does the Nutrition Facts Label contain?
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Details of Reference Daily Intake values and Nutritional Information
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What does the Nutritional Information consist of?
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Serving size, Amount per serving, and Percent of daily value for nutrients
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What is included on general product labeling?
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-Product name and place of business
-Product net weight -Product ingredients (in decreasing order) -Company name and address -Product code (UPC) -Product dating (if applicable) -Religious symbols (if applicable) -Special warning instructions (if applicable) |
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What are some examples of Nutrition Product Descriptors?
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Examples are “free, low, extra lean and reduced”.
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“Percent fat free” is only allowed for what kind of food?
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low fat or fat free
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“Healthy” is only for what kind of foods?
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foods low in fat and saturated fat with limited cholesterol and sodium
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“Fresh” is only used as a descriptor for what kind of food?
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raw foods without preservatives (never frozen or heated)
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