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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five principles of media literacy?
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- All media are constructions
- The media construct reality - Audiences negotiate meaning in media - Media have commercial implications - Media contain ideological and value messages |
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Explain "All media are constructions"
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- Present productions
- Have specific purposes - Are carefully crafted constructions |
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Explain "The media construct reality"
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- We all construct our world view
- It is based on our observations and experiences - A great part of those observations and experiences come from the media - The media, rather than ourselves, is constructing our reality |
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Explain "Audiences negotiate meaning in media"
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- We interact with media texts
- Each person finds a meaning through personal factors |
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Explain "media have commercial implications"
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- There is an economic basis for media
- Media production is a business and must make a profit - Media have been owned progressively by less and less hands |
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Explain "media contain ideological and value messages"
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- All media advertise values or ways of life
- Usually reaffirm existing system - They convey explicit and implicit ideological messages |
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What is a documentary? (4)
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- Video composed of images and data
- Relates a factual story through the presentation of events, people, places and viewpoints - Relies on use of interviews and other clips to illustrate the fact or issue - Is a reflection of life |
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What is the purpose of a documentary?
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To interpret and present facts about a contemporary issue or topic of concern in modern existence.
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What opportunity does the documentary give the filmmaker? (3)
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- Comment on and explain social problems.
- Offer solutions to these problems - Advocate change |
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What do documentaries present, and what does this make it?
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- The filmmaker's opinion
- Makes it a persuasive piece |
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What should be done in order to persuade the audience? (2)
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- Opinions must be substantiated by research and interview sources
- The documentary maker should aim for credibility |
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How are documentaries structured? (4)
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- Does not necessarily have a "plot"
- Concerned with a theme or idea - Focuses on a question which the documentary tries to answer - Has some sort of conclusion, usually narrated |
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What does a documentary's conclusion usually include?
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- Summary of the film's ideas
- Potential solutions to the issue |
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How is credibility established?
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- Research information
- Interviews |
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What are the six main types of documentaries?
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- Expository
- Editorial - Interactive/reflexive - Mockumentary - Personal / Autobiographical - Sociall Anthropology |
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What is an expository documentary for?
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- Inform and educate audience about subject
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What do expository documentaries contain?
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- Original and archival footage
- Normally invisible camera and crew - Tightly scripted material, accompanied by a voice-over narration |
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What is an editorial for?
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- Inform the audience
- Persuade the viewer to agree with the filmmaker |
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What is an interactive or reflexive documentary?
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- Filmmaker's presence is fully acknowledged and even emphasised.
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What do interactive or reflexive documentaries offer?
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- Surprises
- play with conventions - Provoking from the subjects and audience - Filmmaker may or may not take sides |
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What is a mockumetary?
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- Fictional film
- Parodies forms and conventions of documentaries |
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What is a personal/autobiographical documentary?
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- Feature the maker addressing the camera directly
- Maker shares their views with the viewer |
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What does a social anthropology documentary do?
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- Look at different groups of people
- Examine the way they live within cultural contexts |
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What are 3 other kinds of documentary?
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- Cinema verité
- Direct interview - Docudrama - Fly on the wall - Observational |
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What can movement be used for?
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- It can be build to build the personalities of the characters
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What does the repeated use of the walk-in imply? What does the opposite movement imply?
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- An extrovert nature of the character
- An introver character |
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How does speed of movement affect the mood in the audience?
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- Fast movements are bright and exciting
- Slow movements can be sad, suspenseful or calm and placid, depending on the context |
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What does the rule of thirds say?
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That the center of interest is best not placed in the center of the frame
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What must every picture have?
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A center of interest
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What is a center of interest?
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A point to which the viewer's eye is drawn
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What do framed shots give?
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Depth
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What do high angle shots create?
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A feeling of superiority towards the subject
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What do low angle shots create
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A feeling of inferiority towards the subject.
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What to level shots create?
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Feeling of equality between audience and subject.
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What can darkness be used to imply? What does light suggest?
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- Death
- Chaos - Mystery - Superstition - Light suggests the opposite |
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What are used to create the atmosphere?
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- Highlights
- Reflections - Shadows - Brightness - Darkness |
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How is contrast important?
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Higher contrasts of light and dark are more dramatic.
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What does light from a low angle create?
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A dramatic effect
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What does reducing hard shadows create?
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An effect of beauty, kindness and gentleness
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How can unity be enhanced?
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By a single hue dominating an entire film.
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How does sound increase effectiveness?
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- Unites scenes
- Creates moods - Anticipates events |
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What does the absence of sound or natural sound do?
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- Intensify emotion
- Create mystery |
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What does a voice-over do?
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- It brings attention to feelings or themes
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How does the placing and number of cuts affect the pace of a sequence?
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The higher the number of cuts, the faster and more exciting it becomes
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What do long sustained scenes create?
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A feeling of relaxation, generally.
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What do short brisk scenes create?
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Tension.
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What is an establishing shot?
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A long shot that establishes the setting.
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What is a long shot?
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A shot from a distance that sets character(s) in that setting.
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What is a close-up?
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A shot of one face or object that completely fills the screen.
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What is an extreme close-up?
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A shot of a small object or part of a face that fills the screen.
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Define pan:
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Camera moving horizontally on a fixed base.
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Define tilt:
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The camera points up or down from a fixed base
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Define tracking shot.
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The camera moves through space on a wheeled truck, staying on the same plane.
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Define boom:
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Camera moves up or down through space
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Define zoom?
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A shift in the focal length of the camera length to give the impression that the camera is getting closer to or farther from an object.
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Subliminal duration:
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A few frames.
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Quick duration
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Less than a second
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Average duration:
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Less than a minute
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Lengthy duration:
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More than a minute
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Synchronous sound effect:
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Sounds that match the actions on screen
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Asynchronous sound effects:
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Sounds whose source are not visible on screen
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Sound bridge:
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Sound that ties together different elements
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Musical underscoring
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Background music assumed not to be audible to characters
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Wild sounds:
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Naturally occurring sounds.
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