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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phi Phenomenon (apparent motion) |
apparent motion resulting from an orderly sequence ofstimuli (as lights flashed in rapid succession a shortdistance apart on a sign) without any actual motionbeing presented to the eye |
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Persistence of Motion |
the retention of a visual image for a short period of timeafter the removal of the stimulus that produced it: thephenomenon that produces the illusion of movementwhen viewing motion pictures |
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Eadweard Muybridge |
an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.Wikipedia |
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the "big five" |
MGM, Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO,and Fox |
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The “Little Three” |
Universal, Columbia, United Artists |
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The Star System 1890s-1900 |
no credits for performers (film was taboo)–People wanted to know names of stars |
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The Star System 1900-1960s |
•Stars signed contracts •Names & backgrounds invented •Morality clauses |
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Classic Hollywood cinema conventions |
•Story mainly set in the present •The film mostly focuses on 1 character or a fewdistinct individuals •Main characters has a goal or a few goals•Main character(s) overcomes antagonists and/orobstacles •Clear emphasis on causes and effects of actions–little to no ambiguity •Film has closure-- a resolution or ending to thestory •The film uses unobtrusive filmmaking techniques |
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hybrid |
overlapping genres |
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Film Stock Image quality |
Image Quality –Grain–Slow Film stock • More light needed –Fast Film stock • Less light needed –Color Temperature (White Balance) • Tungsten v. Daylight |
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Film Vs. Digital |
•FILM –Pros •Authentic look •Tangible –Cons •Expensive •Not easy to travel with • DIGITAL - Pros • Cheap • Flexible • Convenient - Cons • Files can corrupt |
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Film Stock Size gauges |
–35 mm (Features) –16 mm (Independent Films) –Artistic choice |
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lenses |
• Lenses –Wide Angle (28 – 35mm) •Deep Focus •Loose framing •Distortion of objects (curves near edges) –Normal (50 – 35mm) •Close to the human eye –Telephoto (200 – 35mm) •Shallow Focus •Tighter frame •Compressed perspective –Fisheye |
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lens length |
• Lens length – mm –Distance between lens and camera censor –The smaller the mm, the wider the lens |
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Hard/Harsh Lighting |
–Low key lighting, uneven lighting, shadows |
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•Soft Lighting |
–High key lighting, evenly lit, well lit |
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•Depth of Field |
–“the distances in front of the camera in which allobjects are in focus” –Telephoto lens will give you more shallow focus |
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tripod camera movement |
–Tilt –Pan –Swish Pan –Zoom difference between pan and swish pan..swish is a faster pan |
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moving cameras |
-Dolly -usually on a track moving forward and backwards -Tracking- on track shifting across one side -crane - moving down or up -handheld- shaky type filming -hitchcock effect or zolly: zoom with dolly.. realization |
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•Frames |
one single image |
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Shots |
–One uninterrupted image series of frames |
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Takes |
–Different versions of a shot |
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scenes |
–A series of shots connected to part of a film |
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sequences |
–A grouping of scenes in a film (similar to an act) |
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dutch view |
tilted view |
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Dailies |
Footage from one day of production |
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rough cut |
•Editor’s first pass of the film, rough draft |
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The Kuleshov Effect |
Developed by Lev Kuleshov –Juxtaposed images –Different meanings arose when following image is shown |
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Montage |
–Sergei Eisenstein –Use of contrasting/conflicting shots to createmeaning |
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Fade in/Fade Out |
–The shot “fades” from black–Usually introduces/Ends a scene |
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•Jump Cut |
–A discontinuous transition between shots andscenes –Disorienting at times |
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running time vs story time |
running time is the amount of time you spend in your seat |
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Parallel editing |
•Shifting between two or more actions that areoccurring simultaneously •Sometimes shown in different locations •Builds suspense •Can show comparison and contrast |
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jump cut |
–A discontinuous transition between shots andscenes –Disorienting at times |
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Mise En Scène |
•The French term means “put on stage” or “putinto the scene” •Originally, mise en scène referred to thedirector’s staging of a play. •In film, mise en scène refers to “placed onscreen” the settings, subjects and composition |
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Studio Film Set |
-Controlled environment for lighting and sound -The setting is customized by a team of designers -Can be designed to be realistic or non-realistic -Green Screen sets |
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Framing |
loose framing, tight framing |
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rule of thirds |
the horizon is placed on the top or bottom line |
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•Color can be used as a mise en scène tool todescribe the characters and environment. |
vvv |
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Dialogue |
–Drives the story –Character development –Use of metaphor and abstraction –Overlapping dialogue |
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Monologue |
–Climatic moments –Change of pace –Add of drama |
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Sound Effects |
• Sound made by objects (eg. Glass falls off table andbreaks )• Sounds made by people (eg. High heels on concrete) • Ambient Sound (eg. Trees blowing in the wind, HVAC system in a house, cityscape noise) –“Room Tone” • Foley –Recreating sound effects for films |
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Sound Motif |
–A sound effect or combination of sound effects that areassociated with a particular character, setting, situation or ideathrough the film |
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Leitmotif |
–A sound motif that refers to the musical score or composition |
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Hyper-real sound |
exaggerated sound usually sound effects |
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Contrapuntal sound |
–Music that contrasts with the content of a scene (eg. Dancingduring torture scene in Reservoir Dogs (1992) |
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Pitch |
Based on frequency, pitch can change the tone or mood of ascene |
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Diegetic v. Non-Diegetic sound |
–Diegetic: Sound with a visible or implied source in thescene –Non-Diegetic: Sound without a visible or implied source inthe scene |
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Synchronous v. Asynchronous sound |
–Synchronous: Sound matching visuals –Asynchronous: Sound does not match visuals |
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Straight Cut A|B |
–Most common for cutting between scenes –Sometimes used in a jump-cut |
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J-cut or L-cut |
J-Cut - Hear the sound before you see the image; L-Cut - you see the image as it progresses with another sound |
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Lunier Brothers |
two french brothers who created the cinematography and created the first film of workers exiting a factory. |
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Jean-Etienne Marey |
was a Frenchscientist, physiologist and chronophotographer., He is widely considered to be a pioneer of photography and an influential pioneer of the history of cinema. |
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nickelodeans |
The first permanent movie theatre in America, which was converted from a store, opened in 1905; it was called a nickelodeon because admission to the theatre (odeon in Greek) cost a nickel. |
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George Melies |
Méliès was an especially prolific innovator in the use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted color. He was also the first filmmaker to use storyboards. |
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masking |
A device placed in front of a lens to reduce the horizontal or vertical size of the frame or to create a particular shape (for example, periscope eyepiece, binoculars, or gun-sight). |
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aspect ratio |
the ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen. |
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master shot |
is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view. It is often a long shot and can sometimes perform a double function as an establishing shot. |
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cutaway shot |
almost acts a reaction shot. s the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually, although not always, followed by a cut back to the first shot, when the cutaway avoids a jump cut. |
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eyeline match |
is a film editing technique associated with the continuity editing system. It is based on the premise that an audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing. |
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reverse shot |
A shot of an object or person taken in the direction opposite that of the preceding shot (for example, a shot of the gates of a prison from within followed by a reverse angle shot showing the gates from outside). or is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. |
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frame within a frame |
is a great way to lead the viewers eyes into a photo, adding depth and context, and drawing their attention to a certain point. |
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3 point lighting setup |
X. Backlight X.Keylight..........X. Fill light |
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camera angles |
worm, low, neatral, high, bird |
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post production |
includes the complete editing, colour correction and the addition of music and sound |
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The Jazz Singer |
First film with synchronized sound–The Jazz Singer (1927)• |
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narroration |
Provide background and set the tone of the film–Reveal character insight and development |
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ambient sounds |
means the background sounds which are present in a scene or location. |
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foley |
A technical process by which sounds are created or altered for use in a film, video, or other electronically produced work |
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"nanook of the north" |
The documentary follows the lives of an Inuk, Nanook, and his family as they travel, search for food, and trade in northern Quebec. is a 1922 American silent documentary film by Robert J. Flaherty, with elements of docudrama, at a time when the concept of separating films into documentary and drama did not yet exist. |
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"Man with a movie camera" |
an experimental 1929 silent documentary film, with no story and no actors,[2] by Soviet-Russian director Dziga Vertov, edited by his wife Elizaveta Svilova. presents urban life in the Soviet cities of Kiev, Kharkov, Moscow and Odessa.[3] From dawn to dusk Soviet citizens are shown at work and at play, and interacting with the machinery of modern life. |
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talking heads |
a commentator or reporter on television who addresses the camera and is viewed in close-up. |
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b-roll |
extra shots |
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archival footage |
footage that can be used again in other films. |
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Narrative Types |
Human vs. Human, Human vs. Himself/Herself, Human vs. Nature, Human vs. Society, Human vs. God, Human vs. Machine |
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Time |
Present, Flashback, Flash-forward, Chronological Time, Non-Chronological Time, Fabula-the re-presentation of chronological events (through narration, metaphor, camera angles, the re-ordering of the temporal sequence, and so on). |
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Narrative Styles |
Satire, Parody, Black Comedy, Magical Realism, Realism, Surrealism |
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Un Chien Andalou(1929) |
dolly experimental film, surrielism film |
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Hybrid films |
music videos |
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short films Non-Commercial Films |
Short Narrative, Short Animation, Mini-Docs, Short Experimental Films |
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(Short Films) Commercial Films |
Advertisements, Trailers, Fashion Films |
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mumblecore (independent) |
a style of low-budget film typically characterized by the use of nonprofessional actors and naturalistic or improvised performances. |
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independent films |
focus on social problems, low budget,Not controlled by a major film studio or sometimes no filmstudio,Multiple genres on a budget |
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indie fims |
More development in style and content around 90s -Present, Budget does not really matter, Quirky group of characters, More focus on character development, Similar tone to “indie” music |
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Christopher Guest |
• Style–Docu-style mockumentary–Usually Guest creates a 10-15 page outline of the film ratherthan writing a script. Actors–Repeatedly uses the same group of actors for most of his filmswho are skilled in the art of improvisation–Actors are responsible for dressing their character rather thanan art director or costume seamstress - "Best in dog show |
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foreign cinema |
Films created outside of the United States, Subtitles, Does not (usually) follow Classical HollywoodCinema archetypes, Culturally relevant, Considered independent or indie |
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Italian Neorealism Cinem |
1944 – 1952, A film movement mostly founded by Italian directorsfocusing on stories set amongst the poor or theworking class dealing with the difficult economic andmoral conditions of post-World War II Italyrepresenting changes in the Italian psyche.... THEMES–Use of non-professional actors–On-location shooting–Poor conditions ofeveryday life–Extensive use of children |
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Vittorio De Sica: Bicycle Thieves |
Following a poor father and son during post-WWII era in Rome, who is searching for his stolenbicycle, without which he will lose his job....•THEMES–Contrasts poverty v. upper-class lifestyles–Hope v. hopelessness–Humanistic values and struggles |
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French New Wave |
Late 1950s – early 1960s, A group of filmmakers who reacted against the carefully scripted products of the French film industry, explored more current subjects, and sometimes employed untraditional filmmaking techniques....•THEMES–Long takes–Jump cut editing–Docu-style filmmaking–Combination of objective and subjective realism–Authorial narration–Sense of question leading to ambiguity |
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Venice Film Festival |
Founded in 1932 in Venice, Italy creating a festival toshowcase international film...Opened major markets and exposure to foreign filmmakersand industries |
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Japanese New Wave |
Late 1950s – 1970s, Similar to French New Wave (rejecting traditional conventions to classical Japanese Cinema) favoring more challenging works thematically & formally.Originated within film studios, as companies sought to invigorate the local cinema with use of fresh and young filmmakers...•THEMES–Highly stylized mise-en-scene–Showing inherent weakness of the Yakuza archetype–Corporate corruption–Inspiration of the Western genre–Light sense of comedy |
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Bollywood |
• 1930s - Present• Hindi language film industry based in Mumbai, mostcharacterized with lengthy films with melodramaticplots and flamboyant musical numbers• THEMES:–Multiple plotlines (plots subplots)–Highly stylized nature and emphasis on spectacle•Very colorful–Blended realism and fantasy–Extensive melodrama–“Masala Films”• mix of action, comedy,romance, and so-on–Extravagant musical numbers |
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"Chungking Express", 1994 |
(narrative)theme of expiration tiring in with girls expiring..california dreaming |
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"Barton Fink" |
sound class, all sound is diabetic to barton ( he can hear it), hyper-real sounds exist, Coen brother classic |
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"Sherlock Jr." |
Silent Comedy from 1924, Investigator |
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"The Graduate"(1967) |
Mis en scene lecture, Kid having sexual time with mom, at first didn't want to daughter walks in....use of water? |
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"Best in Show" |
Directed By Christopher Guest (independent film), How do they reflect American tradition and/or culture? |
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"The sea Inside" 2004 |
Foreign Film, after a diving accident causing him to be paralyzed he wanted euthanasia, focuses on character development like independent films |
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"La Jette" |
Expiremental, uses pictures to tell story |
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Sofia Capolla |
Worked in fashion since 15 years old, Worked as an actress, Focused on writing, directing, and producing her ownworks around 1998....Themes Focused on the feel• Fragile personalities• Subjects–Main characters lost in a world suffering from an existentialcrisis–Feminine rite of passage amongst female characters–Search for an identity–Lack narrative arc due to characters unable to develop–Exposing the void (empty moments)–Isolation & Alienation• Dream v. Reality–Wandering gazes between subject and camera–Day dream moments• Suburban culture–Mundane v. dreamed adventures |
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"Lost in Translation" |
Directed by sofia capolla, bill murray |
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"25th hour" |
directed by spike lee, uses double dolly |
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"Weiner" |
Documentary |
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types of documentaries Expository, Observational, Poetic, Reflexive,Performative, Participatory |
x |
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"North by Northwest |
a hitchcock classic where a rich businessman finds himself being accused of murdering a man, hollywood classic,crop duster scene |
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"I Hate Dancing" |
i hate dancing is about a girl dancing to a guy talking about how he hates dancing, hitting every beat |
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"Alls fair" short film |
guy asked GF to marry she said no, then he starts paying a porstitute to take care of him, she teaches him to let go |
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"omlette" short film |
guy gets home from work tired, dog saves mistakes as he tries to makes omlette, finds bone in it and shares with dog |
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"Ronald" Short Film |
go about the guy who play ronald mcdanald as he tells you his life |
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"log off" short film |
in the woods, experimental film, no narrative, |
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"The contradiction of silence" short film |
harmonious feet tapping, selling shoes |
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"She said, She said" short film |
A lesbian couple (Marisa Tomei and Elodie Bouchez) on the brink of divorce attempts to divide their possessions through mediation. |
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Doompy Poomp |
Guy repeatly going to the bank and being denied, while trying everything... skrillex song |
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"Waste" short film |
expiremental, guy running around with monsters chasing him, allways chasing the weekend.. we all have our own little monsters |
