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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic structure of the breast and blood supply and lymphatic drainage |
Glandular tissue and ducts in stroma. Glandular tissue arranged in 15 to 20 lobules. Ducts lined with epithelium and myoepithelial cells A: auxillary a, internal thoracic a, 2 to 4 intercostal a L: 75% auxillary nodes also parasternal nodes |
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4 types of developmental anomaly in the breast |
1) ectopic breast tissue 2) breast hypoplasia 3) macromastia 4) nipple inversion |
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6 types of breast inflammation (mastitis) |
1) idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (lobule centred non necrotising) 2) foreign body reactions 3) recurrent subareolar abscesses (acc w. Mamillary fistula/ squamous metaplasia of lactiferous duct/smoking) 4)peri ductal mastitis (dilation scaring and chronic inflammation of lactiferous ducts 5) fat necrosis (secondary to trauma) |
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What is fibrocystic change to the breast? |
changes in breast tissue which may be seen as physiological and pathological. They are very common and tend to occur multi focally and bi laterally. Different changes can be categorised as non proliferative, proliferative without atypia or proliferative with atypia |
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Give some examples of fibrocystic change |
Cysts Adenosis Microcalcifications Apocrine metaplasia Epithelial hyperplasia Lobular neoplasia Columnar cell legions Radial scars Papillomas |
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What is sclerosis adenosis? |
Benign proliferation of distorted glandular tissue and stroma in the breast |
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What is apocrine metaplasia? |
A change in the epithelial cells of cysts in the breast, they become large and round with granular cytoplasm and typical apical projections |
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What different types of epithelial hyperplasia may occur ? And do they raise the risk of breast cancer? |
- Ductal and lobular patterns of hyperplasia - Ductal hyperplasia may be mild moderate florid or atypical, the latter having features of ductal carcinoma in situ and associated micro calcifications - all associated with increased cancer risk |
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What are radial scars? |
Benign breast lesions with a fibrotic and elastotic core, they have a pseudo infiltrative appearance |
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What is a papilloma in the breast? |
A benign tumour of the epithelium lining the mammary ducts |
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Give two examples of stromal proliferations |
1) diabetic fiberous mastopathy: stromal fibrosis with lymphocytes invading 2) pseudo angiomatous stromal hyperplasia : proliferation of myofibroblasts |
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What is a fibroadenoma? In which population is it common, how does it feel on palpation? |
A benign breast tumour which is a proliferation of epithelium and mesenchyme. Its most common in women from their teens to 30s. It feels smooth, firm and motile |
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What is a phyllodes tumour? |
A benign neoplasm of epithelial and mesenchymal cells which has non benign characteristics eg increased stromal cellularity, mitotic activity, cytological atypia and an infiltrative boarder |
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Excepting fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumours name 4 other benign neoplasms of the breast |
Pure adenomas: (no stromal element) Nipple adenomas: benign, looks like padgets Hamartoma Benign glandular cell tumours |
