Fcs 2400 Final

Front 1

When new parents first bring their babies home from the hospital, they report the transition being difficult especially due to several things. Which of these is NOT one of the things they report being bothered by?

a)how difficult it is to go places

b)relatives and friends visiting for hours on end

C) hard to express themselves sexually

D)the baby’s interruption of their sleeping

Back 1

relatives and friends visiting for hours on end

Front 2

__________ parenting combines warm emotional support for children with a demand for significant respect for parents and other authority figures, including older extended family members.

Back 2

Hierarchical

Front 3

goal of foster care

Back 3

to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home.

Front 4

Working-class parents tend to use which model of parenting?

Back 4

the facilitation of natural growth

Front 5

Married couples comprise fewer than _____ of families with a joint child under age 18.

Back 5

two-thirds

Front 6

Lower-income parents are less likely to live in neighborhoods that value

Back 6

education

Front 7

Some Muslim children who wear headscarves, called __________, may be subject to ridicule and discrimination.

Back 7

hijab

Front 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the “facts” discussed in the text concerning fathers as primary parents?

a)Primary-parent fathers have begun to organize support groups.

B)Whether married or single, fathers as primary parents report facing isolation and stereotypes.

C)About 5 percent of black and of non-Hispanic white children live with single fathers.

D)About 20 percent of all U.S. children under age fifteen are living with single fathers.

Back 8

About 20 percent of all U.S. children under age fifteen are living with single fathers.

Front 9

The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style?

Back 9

authoritative

Front 10

Which parenting style is preferred by child psychologists?

Back 10

authoritative

Front 11

The text points out that children today face demands for achievement from schools, church, recreational organizations, peers and, of course, parents. This “scheduled hyperactivity can produce the “__________ child,” who is forced to assume too many challenges and responsibilities too soon.

Back 11

hurried

Front 12

Which of these does your text NOT list as a factor influencing how new parents view their babies?

A)the temperament of the baby

B)self-esteem of the parents

C)whether the pregnancy was planned or unplanned

D) the parents’ attitudes and overall mood

Back 12

whether the pregnancy was planned or unplanned

Front 13

It is estimated that about __________ U.S. children are in foster care.

Back 13

400,000

Front 14

According to the text, parents today face questions that would not have been imagined several decades ago. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions discussed in the text?

a) How much fast food is too much?

B)Does my toddler spend enough much time playing video games?

d)Should I believe the teacher who says my child needs medication?

e)Should baby boys be circumcised?

Back 14

Does my toddler spend enough much time playing video games?

Front 15

Racial/ethnic stereotyping often gives us an exaggerated, negative image of __________ as parents.

Back 15

African Americans and Latinos

Front 16

As wards of the court, foster children are financially supported by

Back 16

the state

Front 17

Alice Rossi has observed that the transition to parenthood is more difficult than the transition to other adult roles for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a)Unlike other adult roles, the transition to parenthood is extremely gradual.

B)Adjusting to parenthood necessitates changes in the couple’s emotional and sexual relationship.

c)Most first parents approach parenting with little or no previous experience in child care.

D)Parents are more likely than in the past to be geographically distant from relatives.

Back 17

Unlike other adult roles, the transition to parenthood is extremely gradual.

Front 18

Compared to the average 29% for all Americans over 24 years old, 52% of which racial/ethnic group has completed four years of college or more?

Back 18

Asian American

Front 19

Upper-middle-class parents tend to use which parenting style?

Back 19

authoritative

Front 20

According to the text, spanking refers to

Back 20

hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury.

Front 21

An estimated __________ Americans are taking care of their aging parents.

Back 21

34 million

Front 22

A 2001 survey found found that approximately ___ percent of women agree that one can be a good mother and have a successful career.

Back 22

90%

Front 23

Some career women choose to __________ the labor force in order to stay home with their children for a time.

Back 23

“opt out” of

Front 24

What type of women were the last women to move into the labor force.

Back 24

Mothers of young children

Front 25

Men continue to dominate corporate America. In 2010, less than __________ percent of the highest-earning executives in Fortune 500 companies were women.

Back 25

3%

Front 26

Policy researchers define child care as the full time education and care of children under age __________, and care before and after school for older children.

Back 26

six

Front 27

In 2010, ____ percent of Americans said that marriages work better when the husband is breadwinner and the wife takes care of the house and children.

Back 27

30%

Front 28

Social scientists have proposed alternative hypotheses for why women do more unpaid household labor. Which of the following is NOT one of those hypotheses?

a)Partners’ relative earnings influence their division of household labor

b)Gender roles influence partners’ division of household labor

c)The partner with less power in the relationship can escape undesirable household labor

d)The relative time available to each partner influences the division of household labor

Back 28

The partner with less power in the relationship can escape undesirable household labor

Front 29

Home-based work has

Back 29

increased significantly over the past few decades.

Front 30

__________ involves flexible starting and ending times with required core hours.

Back 30

flextime

Front 31

Huston and Melz called both Bland and Tempestuous unions __________ because these two marriage types evidenced only one of two desirable attributes.

Back 31

“mixed blessing marriages”

Front 32

Conflict is

Back 32

experienced in even the happiest of couples.

Front 33

Social psychologist John Gottman identified “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.” Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a)contempt

b)sabotage

c)stonewalling

d)criticism

Back 33

sabotage

Front 34

Sociologist Judith Wallerstein conducted lengthy interviews with 50 predominantly white, middle-class couples in northern California. In order to participate, both husband and wife had to define their marriage as

Back 34

happy

Front 35

Douglas and Rhonda have agreed upon a time and a place for a fight. However strange this may appear, Douglas and Rhonda have followed the guideline that the text calls

Back 35

arguing “by appointment.”

Front 36

What false belief is detrimental to a relationship?

Back 36

Your partner should automatically know how you think and feel.

Front 37

ENRICH and PREP are training programs for married couples that emphasize

Back 37

couple communication.

Front 38

Emotional intelligence includes all EXCEPT which of the following?

a)willingness to repair our hurt feelings

B)sensitivity to the needs and feelings of others

c) awareness of what we’re feeling

d)the ability to analyze the situation intelligently

Back 38

the ability to analyze the situation intelligently

Front 39

The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as

Back 39

family cohesion.

Front 40

Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of

Back 40

passive-aggression.

Front 41

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has _______ over the past several decades.

Back 41

declined significantly

Front 42

Both equal and unequal partners may engage in a cycle of power politics, the cumulative effect of which is to create

Back 42

distance and loneliness for both spouses.

Front 43

In a traditional society, __________ is legitimate power.

Back 43

male authority

Front 44

Family violence makes up about _____ percent of all violence.

Back 44

11%

Front 45

George is a high-school senior and wants very much to go to college. His mother and father promise to pay his tuition, provided he agrees to attend the school of their choice. George’s mother’s and father’s behavior illustrate which source of power?

Back 45

reward

Front 46

The text points out that men may abuse the women in their lives, using fear and intimidation in an attempt to gain control. This type of violence has been called

Back 46

intimate terrorism.

Front 47

When women kill a partner, it is usually

Back 47

out of desperation to exit a violent relationship.

Front 48

If women are the primary victims of male intimate partner violence, this outcome is referred to as

Back 48

asymmetrical.

Front 49

Battered women’s lack of personal power begins with

Back 49

fear

Front 50

What body of literature is the primary basis for Bureau of Justice Statistics reports on intimate-partner violence?

Back 50

National Crime Victimization Survey

Front 51

Which theoretical perspective views many causes of family stress as originating outside the family, such as in the family’s neighborhood or workplace?

Back 51

family ecology

Front 52

A study of alcoholic families found that adult children of alcoholics who came from families that __________ were less likely to become alcoholics themselves.

Back 52

had maintained family dinner and other rituals

Front 53

After families reorganize following a crisis, the text cites three possible scenarios. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a)The families may have been so weakened by the crisis that they function only at a reduced level.

b)The families may have been stimulated by the crisis to reorganize in a way that makes them more effective.

c)The families may function at about the same level as before.

d)The families completely dissolve.

Back 53

The families completely dissolve.

Front 54

Which sociologist proposed the ABC-X family crisis model?

Back 54

Reuben Hill

Front 55

According to the text’s definition, which of the following is an illustration of family crisis?

a)paying tuition for a child’s college education

b)deciding whether a loved one who is near death should be taken off life support

c) moving to a different neighborhood

d)feeling that there is not enough time for various family activities

Back 55

deciding whether a loved one who is near death should be taken off life support

Front 56

Ambiguous loss may occur when a family member is physically present but psychologically absent, as in all BUT which of the following cases?

a)learning disabled children

b) alcoholic or mentally ill family members

c)children with cognitive impairment or severe disabilities

d)those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease

Back 56

learning disabled children

Front 57

As one source of crisis-meeting skills, each family or family system has a level of resources, including bonds of trust, appreciation, and support, called __________.

Back 57

family harmony

Front 58

According to estimates by the American Psychiatric Association, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been diagnosed in ____ percent of U.S. school children

Back 58

3-7%

Front 59

Dealing with the experience of a family who is trying to adjust to sending the youngest child off to college illustrates which theoretical perspective?

Back 59

family development

Front 60

The text points out that adding a family member is stressful because doing so involves

Back 60

family boundary changes.

Front 61

In order to obtain a divorce when a couple has a covenant marriage, fault must be proven. Which of the following is NOT one of the examples given by the text as “fault,” or justification for divorce?

a)physical or sexual abuse

b)adultery

c)imprisonment for a felony

d) lack of domestic skills

Back 61

lack of domestic skills

Front 62

More than __________ of all divorces involve children under eighteen, and about 40 percent of children born to married parents will experience marital disruption.

Back 62

half

Front 63

Income loss has been found to __________ the likelihood of divorce.

Back 63

increase

Front 64

According to the most recent data available, there are approximately ____ noncustodial mothers in the United States.

Back 64

2 million

Front 65

Split custody, in which each parent has physical custody of at least one child, remains uncommon and only occurs in about ___ percent of divorce cases.

Back 65

2-4%

Front 66

Wallerstein found that __________ of the children in her study had experienced a second divorce of one or both parents.

Back 66

half

Front 67

Between __________ percent of first marriages are likely to end in divorce.

Back 67

40-50%

Front 68

Children of divorce also are more likely to have been _____ meaning they were forced to take on adult responsibilities before they were developmentally mature enough to handle them.

Back 68

“parentified”

Front 69

There are_____ social, moral, and legal constraints on divorce than in the past.

Back 69

far fewer

Front 70

Generally, evidence suggests that adult children of divorced parents feel less obligation to their parents. Social scientists have posited four reasons for these findings. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

a)The reciprocal obligations may be less clear.

b)Adult children of divorce are more likely to suffer from mental disorders.

c)Children reared in divorced, single-parent families may have received fewer resources from their custodial parent than did their friends in intact families.

d)Strain may weaken subsequent relations between adult children and their parents.

Back 70

Adult children of divorce are more likely to suffer from mental disorders.

Front 71

What is one of the reasons offered in the text for the slight decline in remarriage rates?

Back 71

Many divorced persons who would have remarried in the past are now cohabiting in stepfamilies.

Front 72

The stepmother role has been described as the “stepmother ________.”

Back 72

trap

Front 73

Originally, the text points out, the term stepparent applied to

Back 73

a person who replaces a dead parent.

Front 74

Eventually, a stepfamily might achieve integration and appreciate its unique identity. This is known as the _________ stage in Papernow’s seven-stage model of stepfamily development.

Back 74

resolution

Front 75

The text highlights some key points to consider when a person is contemplating entering a steprelationship. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a) Plan ahead.

b)Avoid discussing the changes remarriage will bring with your children.

c)Understand that there are bound to be periods of doubt, frustration, and resentment.

d)Give your children ample opportunity to get to know your future spouse well.

Back 75

Avoid discussing the changes remarriage will bring with your children.

Front 76

Women’s remarriage rate is __________ men’s.

Back 76

considerably lower than

Front 77

Family systems theory emphasizes __________ in family relationships.

Back 77

interdependence

Front 78

According to the text, the nuclear-family model

a)applies to some remarried families.

b)does not work well for most remarried families.

c)is irrelevant to remarried families.

d) is most appropriate for remarried families.

Back 78

does not work well for most remarried families.

Front 79

The text points to various differences between stepfamilies and first marriages with children. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a) excessive family loyalty

b) the balance of power is different

c)a complicated “supra-family system”

D) preexisting parent-child coalitions

Back 79

excessive family loyalty

Front 80

About _____ percent of all children (5.3 million) are living in a married stepfamily with one biological parent and one stepparent.

Back 80

10%

Front 81

multipartnered fertility

Back 81

having children with more than one partner

Front 82

what percentage of families are single mom fams?

Back 82

25.9%

Front 83

resilient individuals

Back 83

demonstrate the capacity to recover from or rise above adverse situations/events

-kids are typically resilient

Front 84

paradox of parenting

Back 84

-new parents often feel overwhelmed

-motivation to overcome stress comes from the stressor

-child=love, joy, satisfaction

Front 85

Psychological Parent

Back 85

Holds major emotional responsibility for safety and upbringing

Front 86

what percentage of births occur to unmarried women

Back 86

40%

Front 87

social fathers

Back 87

nonbiological fathers in the role of fathers (stepfathers)

Front 88

what percentage of families are single dads

Back 88

5%

Front 89

Authoritarian

Back 89

-low emotional warmth/support

-high parental direction/control

-likely to spank kids or harsh punishments

Front 90

Permissive

Back 90

-low parental control/direction

-high emotional support

-indulgent parenting

-spoiled kids

-emotional neglect: low on both control and support

Front 91

Authoritative

Back 91

-thoritative

-positive parenting

-warm, firm, fair

-combine emotional support and conscience parental direction

-kids do better in school and are socially competent

Front 92

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Back 92

one’s position in society, measured by edu., occupation, and/or income

Front 93

commuter marriages:

Back 93

partners live apart for significant periods of time due to work responsibilities

Front 94

qualities of family cohesion

Back 94

-communicate appreciation for one another

-high degree of commitment to promoting one another’s happiness and welfare

-arrange personal schedules so they can do things together

-able to deal positively with crises

-have some spiritual orientation

-have positive communication patterns

Front 95

contempt

Back 95

feeling that one’s spouse is inferior or undesirable

Front 96

criticism

Back 96

involves making disapproving judgement or evaluations of one’s partner

Front 97

Defensiveness

Back 97

preparing to defend oneself against what one presumes is an upcoming attack

Front 98

stonewalling

Back 98

involves resistance/refusing to take a partner’s complaints seriously

Front 99

belligerence

Back 99

a behavior that challenges the other’s power/authority

Front 100

report talk

Back 100

conversation aimed mainly at conveying information

-usually used by men more than women

Front 101

rapport talk

Back 101

peaking to gain/reinforce rapport or intimacy

-used more by women

Front 102

personal power or autonomy

Back 102

power exercised over oneself

Front 103

social power

Back 103

ability of people to exercise their wills over the wills of others

Front 104

parental power:

Back 104

power between parents and children

Front 105

marital or conjugal power

Back 105

power between married partners

Front 106

equality

Back 106

feelings of fairness

Front 107

equity

Back 107

whether rewards of the relationship feel subjectively proportional to each partner’s contributions

Front 108

coercive power

Back 108

based on dominant partner’s ability to punish partner with psychological, emotional, or physical abuse

Front 109

reward power

Back 109

based on ability to give material or nonmaterial gifts/favors

Front 110

expert power:

Back 110

stems of dominant partner’s superior judgement, knowledge, ability

Front 111

informational power:

Back 111

based on the persuasive content of what the dominant partner tells another individual

Front 112

referent power

Back 112

based on less dominant partner’s emotional identification with the dominant partner

Front 113

legitimate power

Back 113

based on the individual’s ability to claim authority

Front 114

intimate partner violence (IPV)

Back 114

physical or emotional abuse of spouses of either gender

Front 115

cycle of violence

Back 115

3 consecutive phases:

-violent episode: abuse and argument

-calm period or “honeymoon phase”: says sorry and promises it won’t happen again

-tension buildup: anger, blaming, argument still occurring

Front 116

emotional abuse

Back 116

verbal threats, routinely making comments that damage a partner’s self esteem

Front 117

reproductive coercion

Back 117

behavior related to reproductive health that is used to maintain power and control in a relationship

Front 118

child maltreatment

Back 118

both abuse and neglect of a child

Front 119

sexual child abuse:

Back 119

child is forced, tricked, coerced by an older person into sexual behavior for the purposes of sexual gratification or financial gain

Front 120

incest

Back 120

sexual relations between related individuals

Front 121

stress:

Back 121

state of tension that arises when demands test or tax a family’s capabilities

Front 122

crisis

Back 122

a situation in which the usual behavior patterns are ineffective and new ones are called for immediately

Front 123

structural functionalist perspective

Back 123

fam crisis threatens to disrupt a fam’s ability to perform critical functions

Front 124

family development perspective:

Back 124

typically analyzes family’s transitions

Front 125

family ecology perspective

Back 125

many causes of fam stress originate outside the family

-how external factors can result in fam crisis

Front 126

family system framework

Back 126

family is a system

-all members in fam must adapt together

Front 127

interactionist perspective:

Back 127

focuses on how fams define situations as stressful or not

Front 128

stressors

Back 128

demands put upon a fam that cause stress and sometimes precipitate a fam crisis

Front 129

ABC-x model

Back 129

-A (stressor event) interacting with

-B (fam’s ability to cope with a crisis) interacting with

-C (fam’s appraisal of the stressor event) produces

-x (the crisis)

Front 130

Refined Divorce Rate

Back 130

number of divorces per 1,000 married women

Front 131

crude divorce rate

Back 131

number of divorces per 1,000 population

-this pop. includes children and unmarried

Front 132

starter marriage

Back 132

first marriage that ends within the first few years, usually without kids

Front 133

silver divorce

Back 133

divorce in later years

Front 134

income needs ratio

Back 134

how well income meets financial needs

Front 135

life stress perspective

Back 135

accumulation of stressors results in problems for children of divorce

Front 136

parental loss perspective

Back 136

assumes both parents in the same house is best for kids

Front 137

parental adjustment perspective

Back 137

quality of parenting is important in kids’ adjustment to divorce

Front 138

economic hardship perspective

Back 138

assumes the eco. hardship caused is responsible for problems faced by the kids with divorced parents

Front 139

interparental conflict perspective:

Back 139

conflict between parents is responsible for the lowered well being of kids in divorce

Front 140

selection perspective:

Back 140

at least some of the kids’ problems after the divorce were present before the marriage

Front 141

fam system theory

Back 141

emphasizes interdependence in family relationships

Front 142

active life expectancy

Back 142

the period of life free of disability

Front 143

bereavement

Back 143

manifests itself in physical, emotional, intellectual symptoms

Front 144

Sandwich Generation

Back 144

parents paying for kids in college and caring for elderly parents

-finances: college, caregivers, saving for retirement

Front 145

custodial grandparent

Back 145

parent of the custodial parent

Front 146

noncustodial grandparent

Back 146

parent of the noncustodial parent

Front 147

latent kin matrix:

Back 147

web of continually shifting linkages that provide potential for activating and intensifying close kin relations