Fcp Ethics Stuff For Quiz 2

Front 1

Anchoring

Back 1

the tendency to be unduly persuaded by features encountered early in patient evaluation
Leads to “premature closure”
Most common cause of diagnostic error

Front 2

Confirmation bias

Back 2

attention paid disproportionately to observations that appear to confirm a hypothesis, rather than seeking evidence that might disprove it

Front 3

Search satisficing

Back 3

Tendency to abandon search to additional abnormalities or diagnoses, having achieved “satisfaction” from finding the first
Classic error in radiographic interpretation

Front 4

Prevalence bias

Back 4

Tendency to overestimate prevalence of a disease if we have recently seen a case, or read about one

Front 5

Representative bias

Back 5

Mistaken belief that circumstantial factors are representative of events we are anxious not to miss
Leads to disproportionate emphasis on relatively rare causes of disease/symptoms

Front 6

Framing effect

Back 6

Tendency to come to different decisions depending on how information is presented

Front 7

Availability heuristic

Back 7

Tendency to judge likelihood by the ease with which examples spring to mind

Front 8

No-fault errors

Back 8

Unusual presentation of disease
Patient-related (uncooperative, deceptive)

Front 9

System-related errors

Back 9

Technical failure, equipment problems
Organizational flaws

Front 10

Cognitive errors

Back 10

Faulty knowledge
Faulty data gathering
Faulty synthesis

Front 11

Inattentional blindness

Back 11

When attention is diverted to another object or task, observers often fail to perceive an unexpected object

Front 12

Change blindness

Back 12

Observers often fail to notice large changes to objects/scenes if the objects are not the center of interest

Front 13

Battery

Back 13

intentional, nonconsensual, offensive touching of the patient by physician

Front 14

Negligence

Back 14

failure to satisfy a professional standard of care.

Front 15

Essential Elements of Informed Consent

Back 15

Patient Capacity
Information
Voluntariness.

Front 16

Express consent

Back 16

granting of authority to render treatment

Front 17

Implied consent

Back 17

consent derived from the conduct of the involved parties

Front 18

Consent implied in law

Back 18

emergency treatment for patients unable to give consent.

Front 19

Negligence in Informed Consent:

Back 19

Physician had a duty to disclose information
Physician breached that duty
Patient was harmed
Harm was the result of an undisclosed risk
Patient would not have consented to the treatment had he known of the risks.

Front 20

CAPACITY

Back 20

Ability to receive information
Ability to process and understand information
Ability to deliberate
Ability to make and articulate choices.

Front 21

Mini-mental status examination

Back 21

Orientation
Registration
Attention and Calculation
Recall
Language

Front 22

What to do when Capacity is Impaired

Back 22

Identify advance directives or power of attorney documents
Identify a surrogate decision maker
Honor patient-centered values
Substituted judgment
Best interest.

Front 23

Exceptions to Informed Consent

Back 23

Emergencies
Patient unable to consent
Patient waiver of consent
Public health requirements
Therapeutic privilege.

Front 24

Emergency Exception to Informed Consent

Back 24

Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent death or serious harm
Delay to obtain consent could be harmful
Presumption that most patients would consent if given the time and choice.