Fa10 - Social Psychology -Test 1

Front 1

Social psychology is not concerned with social situations in any objective sense, but with how people are influenced by:

Back 1

their construal of the social environment

Front 2

The major reason why we have conflicting folk aphorisms like "birds of a feather flock together" and "opposites attract" is that:

Back 2

there are some conditions under which one saying is correct and other conditions in which the opposite is true.

Front 3

Psychologists interested in the effects of different personality traits on aggressive behavior are referred to as:

Back 3

personality psychologists

Front 4

Why is it difficult for social psychologists to convince people that their behavior is greatly influenced by the social environment?

Back 4

Because people are inclined to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining behavior

Front 5

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of underestimating the power of social influence?

Back 5

a decrease in one's self-esteem

Front 6

Behavioral psychologists like Watson and Skinner believed that all human behavior could be understood by examining:

Back 6

rewards and punishments in the individual's environment

Front 7

Research on hazing shows that members like a group better if they had endured unpleasant procedures to get into the group than if they had not. These findings are best accounted for by:

Back 7

self-justification

Front 8

According to the social cognitive approach,

Back 8

people try to view the world as accurately as possible, people do their best to understand and predict the social world, coming up with an accurate picture of the social world is often difficult.

Front 9

Social psychologists are primarily concerned that their ideas about human social behavior:

Back 9

withstand empirical testing

Front 10

Sociologists focus on ______ for explanations of human behavior whereas social psychologists focus on ___ for such explanations.

Back 10

society; the individual

Front 11

When we commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining people's behavior we _____ the power of personality traits and ____ the power of social influence.

Back 11

overestimate; underestimate

Front 12

By emphasizing the way in which people construe the social world, social psychology has its direct roots more in the tradition of ______ than in behaviorism.

Back 12

Gestalt psychology

Front 13

Whereas the _____ approach emphasizes that behavior is motivated by the desire to feel good about ourselves, the ____ approach emphasizes the need to be accurate.

Back 13

self-esteen; social cognition

Front 14

Researchers who attempt to understand social behavior from the perspective of social cognition assume that we:

Back 14

try to view the world as accurately as possible

Front 15

You expect that people at a party will not enjoy your company. Consequently, you spare them the misery of talking with you by being brief and cutting short their conversations with you. Later you learn that your company was not enjoyed. What social psychological phenomenon has occurred in this situation?

Back 15

self-fulfilling prophesy

Front 16

The scientific study of the way in which people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people is called

Back 16

social psychology

Front 17

The effects of the real or imagined presence of others on people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is called

Back 17

social influence

Front 18

The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world is their ______ of the world.

Back 18

construal

Front 19

A social science concerned with topics such as social class, social structure, and social institutions is called

Back 19

soiology

Front 20

Aspects of people's personalities that make them different from other people are called

Back 20

individual differences

Front 21

A discipline in psychology that focuses on individual differences as explanations of social behavior is known as

Back 21

personality psychology

Front 22

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behavior is due to internal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of situational factors is called the _____________

Back 22

the fundamental attribution error

Front 23

A school of psychology that says that human behavior can be understood by examining the reinforcing properties of the environment is called ____________ .

Back 23

Behaviorism

Front 24

A school of psychology that stresses the importance of studying the subjective way in which an object appears in people's minds, rather than the objective, physical attributes of the objective is called

Back 24

Gestalt psychology

Front 25

The extent to which people view themselves as good, competent, and decent is called

Back 25

self-esteem

Front 26

Defending our actions by distorting reality in order to maintain self-esteem is called

Back 26

self-justification

Front 27

How people select, interpret, remember, and use social information is called

Back 27

social cognition

Front 28

A social psychological phenomenon whereby people's expectations evoke behavior that confirms their expectation is called

Back 28

self-fulfilling prophecy

Front 29

Social psychologists attempting to convince people to conserve natural resources will first:

Back 29

identify the motives underlying people's failure to conserve

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT an example of social influence?

Back 30

A friend tends to be optimistic and views situations in a positive light.

Front 31

Conflicting answers to questions about basic human nature are most likely to be found:

Back 31

in folk wisdom and philosophy

Front 32

Which question about aggression is a sociologist most likely to ask?

Back 32

What is it about a particular society that produces aggression in its members?

Front 33

A personality psychologist interested in studying happiness would most likely wonder:

Back 33

whether some people are generally happier than other people are

Front 34

Rather than study how the physical attributions of an object combine to form an impression, Gestalt psychologists study

Back 34

people's subjective perception of the whole object

Front 35

To determine the origin of a construal, social psychologists look to:

Back 35

basic human motives

Front 36

The main topic of study in social psychology is social:

Back 36

influence

Front 37

According to social psychologists, an individual's behavior in a given situation is best predicted from knowing:

Back 37

how that individual construes the present situation

Front 38

When people observe others behaving in a given situation, they tend to jump to the conclusion that the person rather than the situation caused the behavior. In this, people are most likely a(n):

Back 38

personality psychologist

Front 39

Which of the following would be the most likely to claim that people blindly follow leaders because they are reinforced for such compliance?

Back 39

behavioral psychologists

Front 40

A well-known phrase from Gestalt psychology is:

Back 40

"The whole is different from the sum of its parts."

Front 41

When the need to feel good about oneself clashes with the need to be accurate, people tend to:

Back 41

put a slightly different spin on the facts so that they are seen in the best possible light.

Front 42

A social psychologist notices that a large number of her students report getting nervous when they have to give presentations in class. In trying to determine the causes of this emotional reaction, the social psychologist will tend to examine:

Back 42

the situational factors that could lead to this emotional reaction

Front 43

Which two basic human motives do social psychologists focus on the most?

Back 43

the desire to main one's self-esteem and the desire to view the world as accurately as possible

Front 44

What is the task of the psychologist?

Back 44

The task of the psychologist is to try to understand and predict human behavior.

Front 45

What is social influence?

Back 45

The effect that the words, actions, or mere presence of other people have on our thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behavior.

For example:

In SPSS class, I put in the right answer but I changed it because I was influenced by the person next to me. I was affected by her bevaior.