Eye Pathologies

Front 1

Back 1

Hyphema

Blood in anterior chamber of the eye.

Serious

Refer to optometrist.

Front 2

Back 2

Hypopyn

White blood cell (sterile puss) in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and episclera. Sign of inflammation.

Serious

Refer to optometrist

Front 3

Back 3

Ecchymosis (Black Eye)

Discoloration, purple black and blue and swelling of the orbit.

Serious

Refer to optometrist

Front 4

Back 4

Nevus

Benign, pigmented growth, similar to a mole on your skin.

Refer to optometrist for monitoring.

Front 5

Back 5

Ectropion

The eyelid, typically the lower lid, turns out. Inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation. More common in older adults.

Refer to optometrist for treatment

Front 6

Back 6

Entropian

Eyelid turns inward. Eyelashes and skin rub against the eye surface, causing irritation. Typically lower lid of older adults.

Refer to optometrist for treatment

Front 7

Back 7

Trichiasis

Eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva.

Refer to optometrist for treatment

Front 8

Back 8

Fenestration

Little holes drilled into PMMA contact lenses to aid in tear exchange and allow proper oxygen transfer to the cornea. Usually where pooling occures.

Front 9

Back 9

Bubble under steep contact lens

Too much vaulting between cornea surface and back of hard contact lens. Causes Dimple Veiling.

Front 10

Back 10

Dimple Veiling

Bubbles caught beneath hard contact lens indent the corneal epithelium. Small stippling pattern on cornea when fluoresced.

Front 11

Back 11

Corneal Transplant

Zigzag stitch-like pattern on the cornea. Correction with RGPs preferable if resulting astigmatism cannot be corrected with glasses.

Front 12

Back 12

Dacryocystitis (elephant man syndrome)

Pain, swelling, redness over the lacrimal sac at medial canthus. Tearing, crusting, fever, pressure over the lacrimal sac may extrude pus through the punctum.

Refer to optometrist for treatment

Front 13

Back 13

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A reddish nodule slowly forming on the eyelid. Commonly found on the lower eyelid, followed by the medial canthus (toward the nose) and can occur onthe upper eyelid. Eyelash loss around the tumor suggests it is malignant.

Refer to optometrist for treatment

Front 14

Back 14

Steep Contact Lens

Central pooling , peripheral touch.

Front 15

Back 15

Pannus

Major growth of blood vessels (usually superiorly) into the peripheral cornea. Chroniclocal hypoxia (such as that occurring with overuse of contact lenses) orinflammation.

Front 16

Back 16

Keratinization

Surfaceof the cornea is bumpy, no longer smooth. Caused by the hardeningof epithelial cells.

Refer to optometrist for treatment.

Front 17

Back 17

Pterygium

Triangular growth of the conjunctiva onto the cornea. More commonly located on the nasal of theeye. Can obstruct vision. Direct sunlight a factor.

Refer to optometrist for treatment.

Front 18

Back 18

Central Corneal Clouding

Lossof transparency of the cornea. Can bea result of not enough oxygen getting to the cornea. Sclerotic Scatter illumination.

Refer to optometrist for treatment.

Front 19

Back 19

Arcus Senilis

Limbus becomes opaque, less defined. Commonly in the elderly. Diet is a factor.

Front 20

Back 20

Blanching

Edgeof contact lens is tight and cuts off blood vessels causing them to engorge. Fit flatter.

Front 21

Back 21

Stye (hordeolum)

Blocked meibomian gland on lid margin. Treat with warm compresses, or old tea bags.

Front 22

Back 22

Radial Keratotomy (RadialK)

Numerous radial incisions extending from the pupil to the periphery of the cornea. Reduces myopia by flattening cornea.

Front 23

Back 23

Giant PapillaryConjunctivitis (GPC)

Innerlining of the eyelid inflamed with small bumps. Can grow form cobblestone pattern. Response to chronic irritation or allergic reaction (contact lenses).

Refer if condition persists after discontinued use of contactlenses.

Front 24

Back 24

Cataract

Clouding of the crystalline lens.

Refer to optometrist for monitoring.

Front 25

Back 25

Transient Foreign BodyStain

Irregular “scratch” or squiggle that presents when fluoresced (corneal skating rink). Foreign body stuck under a contact lens or eyelid.

Refer if condition persists.

Front 26

Back 26

Keratitis

Cornea is inflamed. Moderate to intense pain,

impaired eyesight. It may cause feelings of itchiness with blinks.

Refer to optometrist for treatment.

Front 27

Back 27

Chalazion

A cyst in the eyelid. Inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid.

Refer to optometrist for monitoring.

Front 28

Back 28

Sub-conjunctiva Hemorrhage

Bleeding underneath the conjunctiva.

Refer to optometrist for monitoring.

Front 29

Back 29

Piggyback Lens

Hard gas perm lens worn over soft contact lens.

Used to correct sever cases of Keratoconus.

Patient will already be monitored by an ophthalmologist.

Front 30

Back 30

Munson’s Sign

V-shaped indentation in the lower eyelid when the patient's looks down. Indication of keratoconus.

Referto optometrist.

Front 31

Back 31

Rust Ring

Rust coloured ring left behind after metal foreign body has been removed.

Referto optometrist if the spot is newly developed.

Front 32

Back 32

Keyhole Iridectomy

Surgical removal of part of the iris. Used in treatment of closed-angle glaucoma and iris melanoma. Increased aqueous flow after cataract surgery. Caused a lot of issues with glare.

Front 33

Back 33

Herpes Zoster

Vesicular rash along trigeminal nerve. Caused by chickenpox virus.

Refer to optometrist.

Front 34

Back 34

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

(Corneal meltdown)

Bacterial infection causing severe damage and inflammation to cornea and surrounding

area. Eats through cornea overnight.

REFER - SCRUB EVERYTHING.

Front 35

Back 35

Dendritic Ulcers (Epithelial keratitis)

A linear branching corneal ulcer seen with fluorescein.

Refer to optometrist.

Front 36

Back 36

Ptosis

A drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid. Sudden onset can indicate damage to third cranial nerve. Can hamper child's visual development.

Refer to optometrist.

Front 37

Back 37

Ptosis Crutch

Apparatus attached to eyeglasses to support drooping lid due to ptosis.

Front 38

Back 38

Exophthalmos

Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of theorbit. Can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease (thyroid conditions) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).

Refer to optometrist.

Front 39

Back 39

Cataract Surgery Sutures

3-9 long limbus. Used at site of incision for cataract removal.

Front 40

Back 40

Corneal Abrasion

A scratch on the cornea. Can become an ulcer if not treated.

Refer to optometrist for treatment.

Front 41

Back 41

Keratoconus (GLOBE CONE)

Thinning disorder of the cornea that causes visual distortion.

Refer to optometrist.

Front 42

Back 42

Corneal infiltrates

Single or multiple white inflammatory cells that have migrated into the normally transparent corneal tissue.

Refer if condition persists.

Front 43

Back 43

Microphthalmia

One or both eyeballs are abnormally small. Occurs before birth.

Front 44

Back 44

Dermoid cyst

Benign tumor consisting of normal cells occurring in an abnormal location.

Front 45

Back 45

Pinguecula

A yellow-white deposit on the conjunctiva adjacent to the limbus. UV a factor.

Front 46

Back 46

Flat RGP

Apical touch, edge lift

Front 47

Back 47

WTR Astigmatism pattern

6 and 12 pooling.

Front 48

Back 48

ATR Astigmatism pattern

3 and 9 pooling.

Front 49

Back 49

Tear Break Up Time (TBUT)

< 8 low

8 - 15 normal

18+ amazing

Front 50

Back 50

Good Fit RGP

Good centration, even fluorescein pattern, good movement.

Front 51

Back 51

Tricurve RGP

Front 52

Back 52

Keratoconus (NIPPLE CONE)

Thinning disorder of the cornea that causes visual distortion.

Refer to optometrist.

Front 53

Back 53

Deposits on RGP Lens

Front 54

Back 54

Rose Bengal Staining

Will stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells (sick or dead). Fluorescein will only stain dead cells. Tends to sting.

Front 55

Back 55

Symblepharon

Partial or complete adhesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the eyeball.

Front 56

Back 56

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

A white "ring" to cover the iris, as well as redness in the white of the eye.

Commonly found in water sources, such as tap water, well water, hot tubs, and soil and sewage systems.

Serious

Refer to optometrist.

Front 57

Back 57

Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses (IOL)

(Angle Supported Phakic Intraocular Lenses)

Placed in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Front 58

Back 58

Vernal conjunctivitis

Chronic irritation in the tissues that line the eyes caused by an allergic reaction

Refer to optometrist.

Front 59

Back 59

Embedded foreign body in eye

Serious

Refer to optometrist.

Front 60

Back 60

Soft contact lens deposits