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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mexican American Families |
-Marry at young age. -High total of fertility rates - Extended family households common -More education fertility rate goes down. -less education = high fertility |
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Puerto Rican Families |
- More likely to live in poverty - More like to be unemployed - High rates of unmarried births (poverty) - Consensual Unions common. - (informal marriages often found in Carribbean Cultures) |
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Puerto Ricans (Con.) |
Are already U.S. citizens -Ones able to com to the U.S. (better educated and more skilled than others left behind) |
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Legally Puerto Ricans have |
-education requirements -certain documentation -money |
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Cuban Americans |
-Wealthiest Hispanic Group - Castro -fleeing the country upper-middle class societies. -High rates of business ownership. -Two Parent families common. (two incomes,in gender roles Father well-educated). |
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African American Families |
Poverty Rates improved since 1950s. |
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Distinguishing Characteristics of African American Families |
-High Rates of Poverty - High Rates of unmarried births -High Rates of female-single parent households. -(live in poverty no money to get married). |
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Characteristics of African American Families (Con.) |
-Goals of women (Marry someone who is not in poverty) - Shortage of marriagable male partners - Ties to Kin important (turn to other family members for emotional, economic support) -Rates of Marriage Lower then that for non-Hispanic Whites or Hispanics |
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Oscar Lewis (1968) |
Developed the idea of Culture Poverty. He thought a distinct culture often developed among the poor and this is what kept them in the position of poverty. |
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Oscar Lewis (Con.) |
He thought this culture of poverty was.... - a self defeating self-perpetuating -Passed from one generation to the next. |
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Characteristics of those in Poverty |
-inability to delay gratification. (had trouble planning for the Future - "I Want this Now!") |
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Lack of integration into broader society |
(the poor were often isolated). |
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Consensual Unions |
Common (Couples live together rather than marrying) |
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Low Levels of Social Organization |
(Don't often come together to achieve a common goal). |
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Criticisms of the Culture of Poverty |
-blames the victim - ignores structural conditions. -imposes middle class values on lower class problems, the poor are adapting to tough circumstances. |
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(You are poor because you're poor) |
It's the victims fault they're poor. |
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Functionalist Perspective |
(Davis and Moore (1945) were central figures in this approach) |
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Central Ideas: (Functionalist Perspective) |
Inequality is needed to have a well-functioning Society. - It helps to maintain order - Inequality motivates people (living next to rich people saying "I want to be that one day") |
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To make society function well there is work that must be done. |
Some of this work is essential to hep our society to survive: Some of it is not so essential (i.e. Doctor or Hair Stylist) |
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Society need the most qualified and intelligent people to do the most essential work: |
(We don't want people with no medical training and marginal intelligence performing open heart surgery). |
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The work that is the most essential provides the most incentives V.S. |
The work that is the less essential provides fewer incentives. |
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Inequality helps society to function well. |
It is the biggest motivater to get a job that is essential to society. -Keeps them productive to strive for better work/pay. |
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Critique: rewards attached to jobs often have little to do with their importance to society's survival. |
-inequality ensures that some people will never develop their talents. |
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Conflict perspective: |
-Inequality benefits those at the top and hurts the rest. -Rich wish to maintain a system that keeps them rich. |
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Inequality is harmful to society and squanders human potential |
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Critique: without unequal rewards: less incentive to work hard. |
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Sexual Identity : |
A set of sexual practices and attitudes that lead to the formation in a person's mind of identity as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. |
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Until the late 19th century two categories of sexual activities |
1. socially approved. 2. socially disapproved. |
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-heterosexual vs. homosexual categories non-existent. More. freedom to form same-sex, intimate connections. |
Didn't think anyone living together of the same sex could possibly be together. |
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By the late 1800s more rigid ideas regarding sexuality emerged- |
homosexual and heterosexual -modern notions. |
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Medical model of sexuality |
In the late 1800s medical literature defined homosexuals as "sick" heterosexuals as normal. |
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Until 1973 APA considered homosexuality as mental disorder stigma, discrimination. |
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Determinants of Sexuality. |
Sexual identity is socially determined cultural and temporal variations in accepted social behavior Fuzzy boundaries between homosexuality and heterosexuality. |
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Kinsey Report |
Sexuality Continuum |
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Twin studies- support some biological base to sexuality. (use biology and environment to determine sexuality) |
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Twin Studies- Genetic material shared |
-Identical twins-all -Fraternal twins- 1/2 -Adoptive siblings-none |
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Results (Twin Studies) |
For Men: Both Brothers homosexual i Indentical twins: 52% Fraternal twins: 22% Adoptive twins: 11% For Women: Both Sisters homosexual Indentical twin: 48% Fraternal twins: 16% Adoptives siblings: 6% |
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Historical perspectives on sexuality: Colonial era to 1890s |
-Spousal choice not passed on romance/ desire Sex within marriage for procreation. |
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Changes with Industrialization |
More free choices in Marriage partners. Seperate: spheres Marital: love is spiritual not carnal. Women: denied sexual feelings. |
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Families of choice |
A family formed through voluntary ties among individuals who are not biologically or legally related. |
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Examples of Families of choice |
Elderly neighbors, friends of the family, god-parents. (not legally bonded) (Homosexual couples before being legal) |
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Living Apart Together |
A relationship in which two people define themselves as a couple but do not live together. |
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1890-1960 |
-Standard of living increased -smaller families -rise of private families -Marriage as means of self-fulfillment -sexual gratification and romance central to health of marriage. |
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1960s-present |
-Sex for pleasure (outside of marriage) -growth of individualism -increasing economic independence of women. -Women could postpone marriage without postponing sex. |
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Two key reasons for LATS |
Constraint Romantic partners may have children from a previous relationship and don't live with romantic partners to avoid change/stress for children. -Choice (Avoidance of past relationship mistakes) |
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Teenage Pregnancy |
Birth rate among teenage girls is comparatively low today. It's been lower than it's been since the government started tracking this data. |