Exam 3 Love, Sex And Family

Front 1

Mexican American Families

Back 1

-Marry at young age.

-High total of fertility rates

- Extended family households common

-More education fertility rate goes down.

-less education = high fertility

Front 2

Puerto Rican Families

Back 2

- More likely to live in poverty

- More like to be unemployed

- High rates of unmarried births (poverty)

- Consensual Unions common.

- (informal marriages often found in Carribbean Cultures)

Front 3

Puerto Ricans (Con.)

Back 3

Are already U.S. citizens

-Ones able to com to the U.S. (better educated and more skilled than others left behind)

Front 4

Legally Puerto Ricans have

Back 4

-education requirements

-certain documentation

-money

Front 5

Cuban Americans

Back 5

-Wealthiest Hispanic Group

- Castro

-fleeing the country upper-middle class societies.

-High rates of business ownership.

-Two Parent families common. (two incomes,in gender roles Father well-educated).

Front 6

African American Families

Back 6

Poverty Rates improved since 1950s.

Front 7

Distinguishing Characteristics of African American Families

Back 7

-High Rates of Poverty

- High Rates of unmarried births

-High Rates of female-single parent households. -(live in poverty no money to get married).

Front 8

Characteristics of African American Families (Con.)

Back 8

-Goals of women (Marry someone who is not in poverty)

- Shortage of marriagable male partners

- Ties to Kin important (turn to other family members for emotional, economic support)

-Rates of Marriage Lower then that for non-Hispanic Whites or Hispanics

Front 9

Oscar Lewis (1968)

Back 9

Developed the idea of Culture Poverty. He thought a distinct culture often developed among the poor and this is what kept them in the position of poverty.

Front 10

Oscar Lewis (Con.)

Back 10

He thought this culture of poverty was....

- a self defeating self-perpetuating

-Passed from one generation to the next.

Front 11

Characteristics of those in Poverty

Back 11

-inability to delay gratification. (had trouble planning for the Future - "I Want this Now!")

Front 12

Lack of integration into broader society

Back 12

(the poor were often isolated).

Front 13

Consensual Unions

Back 13

Common (Couples live together rather than marrying)

Front 14

Low Levels of Social Organization

Back 14

(Don't often come together to achieve a common goal).

Front 15

Criticisms of the Culture of Poverty

Back 15

-blames the victim

- ignores structural conditions.

-imposes middle class values on lower class problems, the poor are adapting to tough circumstances.

Front 16

(You are poor because you're poor)

Back 16

It's the victims fault they're poor.

Front 17

Functionalist Perspective

Back 17

(Davis and Moore (1945) were central figures in this approach)

Front 18

Central Ideas: (Functionalist Perspective)

Back 18

Inequality is needed to have a well-functioning Society.

- It helps to maintain order

- Inequality motivates people

(living next to rich people saying "I want to be that one day")

Front 19

To make society function well there is work that must be done.

Back 19

Some of this work is essential to hep our society to survive: Some of it is not so essential (i.e. Doctor or Hair Stylist)

Front 20

Society need the most qualified and intelligent people to do the most essential work:

Back 20

(We don't want people with no medical training and marginal intelligence performing open heart surgery).

Front 21

The work that is the most essential provides the most incentives V.S.

Back 21

The work that is the less essential provides fewer incentives.

Front 22

Inequality helps society to function well.

Back 22

It is the biggest motivater to get a job that is essential to society.

-Keeps them productive to strive for better work/pay.

Front 23

Critique: rewards attached to jobs often have little to do with their importance to society's survival.

Back 23

-inequality ensures that some people will never develop their talents.

Front 24

Conflict perspective:

Back 24

-Inequality benefits those at the top and hurts the rest.

-Rich wish to maintain a system that keeps them rich.

Front 25

Inequality is harmful to society and squanders human potential

Front 26

Critique: without unequal rewards: less incentive to work hard.

Front 27

Sexual Identity :

Back 27

A set of sexual practices and attitudes that lead to the formation in a person's mind of identity as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual.

Front 28

Until the late 19th century two categories of sexual activities

Back 28

1. socially approved.

2. socially disapproved.

Front 29

-heterosexual vs. homosexual categories non-existent.

More. freedom to form same-sex, intimate connections.

Back 29

Didn't think anyone living together of the same sex could possibly be together.

Front 30

By the late 1800s more rigid ideas regarding sexuality emerged-

Back 30

homosexual and heterosexual -modern notions.

Front 31

Medical model of sexuality

Back 31

In the late 1800s medical literature defined homosexuals as "sick" heterosexuals as normal.

Front 32

Until 1973 APA considered homosexuality as mental disorder stigma, discrimination.

Front 33

Determinants of Sexuality.

Back 33

Sexual identity is socially determined cultural and temporal variations in accepted social behavior Fuzzy boundaries between homosexuality and heterosexuality.

Front 34

Kinsey Report

Back 34

Sexuality Continuum

Front 35

Twin studies- support some biological base to sexuality. (use biology and environment to determine sexuality)

Front 36

Twin Studies- Genetic material shared

Back 36

-Identical twins-all

-Fraternal twins- 1/2

-Adoptive siblings-none

Front 37

Results (Twin Studies)

Back 37

For Men: Both Brothers homosexual

i

Indentical twins: 52%

Fraternal twins: 22%

Adoptive twins: 11%

For Women: Both Sisters homosexual

Indentical twin: 48%

Fraternal twins: 16%

Adoptives siblings: 6%

Front 38

Historical perspectives on sexuality: Colonial era to 1890s

Back 38

-Spousal choice not passed on romance/ desire

Sex within marriage for procreation.

Front 39

Changes with Industrialization

Back 39

More free choices in Marriage partners.

Seperate: spheres

Marital: love is spiritual not carnal.

Women: denied sexual feelings.

Front 40

Families of choice

Back 40

A family formed through voluntary ties among individuals who are not biologically or legally related.

Front 41

Examples of Families of choice

Back 41

Elderly neighbors, friends of the family, god-parents. (not legally bonded)

(Homosexual couples before being legal)

Front 42

Living Apart Together

Back 42

A relationship in which two people define themselves as a couple but do not live together.

Front 43

1890-1960

Back 43

-Standard of living increased

-smaller families

-rise of private families

-Marriage as means of self-fulfillment

-sexual gratification and romance central to health of marriage.

Front 44

1960s-present

Back 44

-Sex for pleasure (outside of marriage)

-growth of individualism

-increasing economic independence of women.

-Women could postpone marriage without postponing sex.

Front 45

Two key reasons for LATS

Back 45

Constraint

Romantic partners may have children from a previous relationship and don't live with romantic partners to avoid change/stress for children.

-Choice (Avoidance of past relationship mistakes)

Front 46

Teenage Pregnancy

Back 46

Birth rate among teenage girls is comparatively low today. It's been lower than it's been since the government started tracking this data.