Exam 1

Front 1

A theory which interprets the relationships between social values and the law that stipulates the criminal law often reflects the values of society's dominant class.

Back 1

Value Conflict Model

Front 2

The rules directing the application and enforcement of substantive criminal laws

Back 2

Criminal Procedure

Front 3

With respect to criminal law, what must the state do?

Back 3

Prove the defendant guilty beyond all reasonable doubt.

Front 4

With respect to criminal law, what does it do?

Back 4

Deals with offenses committed against the safety and order of the state.

Front 5

With respect to criminal law, what is the difference compared to civil cases?

Back 5

Tougher burden of proof than in civil cases

Front 6

Four conditions necessary to establish adequate provocation to reduce a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter

Back 6

"Crime of Passion and Rage"

Provocation of Heat of Passion

No Cooling Off Period

No Malice Aforethought

Front 7

The process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms of society

Back 7

Socialization

Front 8

Element of the Crime of Robbery

Back 8

The item stolen must be taken from the person or his immediate presence

Front 9

Crimes that are motivated by the offender's bias against another because of their race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin

Back 9

Hate Crimes

Front 10

Reasons for the overall decrease in crime during the past two decades

Back 10

Tougher sentencing keeping criminals off the streets longer, Community policing, and an overall decline in the proportion of young males

Front 11

Death Occurs When

Back 11

Victim's heartbeat and respiration stop

Front 12

Involuntary Manslaughter (Criminally Negligent Homicide)

Back 12

Unintentional Killing

Caused by the Commission of any Act

Performed in criminally negligent manner

Front 13

The three independent but equal powers of the government

Back 13

Executive, Judicial, and Legislative Branches

Front 14

The exercise of control by the government over a person or thing for the purpose of the Fourth Amendment

Back 14

Seizure

Front 15

The amount of certainty that a crime has been committed and the suspect committed it in order for police to have legal authority to make and arrest

Back 15

Probable Cause

Front 16

Evidence that dissipates quickly over time making it eligible for the exigent circumstances exception to the search warrant requirement

Back 16

Evanescent Evidence

Front 17

Taint from Illegal Action may be dissipated by

Back 17

Independent Source

Weak link between police misconduct and challenged evidence

Inevitable Discovery

Front 18

The remedy for the violation of a right to a speedy trial

Back 18

Dismissal of Charges

Front 19

The Sixth Amendment guarantees

Back 19

The right to confront witnesses

The right to a public trial

The right to a jury trial

Front 20

The doctrine that prohibits the admission of evidence subsequently obtained after an illegal or initially tainted admission, confession, or search

Back 20

Exclusionary Rule

Front 21

The amendment guarantees rights against both excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment in federal courts

Back 21

Eighth

Front 22

In order for criminal laws to avoid being found unconstitutional due to their vagueness or broadness they must:

Back 22

1. Give notice or warning to all who are subject to them

2. Not unreasonably deny other rights such as the First Amendment rights to free speech and religion

3. Protect against discriminatory enforcement

Front 23

UCR

Back 23

Uniform Crime Reports

Front 24

UCR are collected by

Back 24

F.B.I