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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are construction classifications based off of?
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Type of materials used in the construction, and the fire-resistance rating requirements of certain structural components.
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page 65
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The five types of build constructions include:
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-Type I Fire-resistive construction
-Type II Noncombustible or limited combustible construction -Type III Ordinary construction -Type IV Heavy Timber construction -Type V Wood-frame construction |
page 65
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Type I construction has construction features:
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Fire-resistance, type I, construction has structural members (walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs) made of noncombustible or limited combustible material.
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page 65
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What is the primary fire hazard of Type I?
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Fire-resistive primary fire hazard is the contents of the structure.
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page 65
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Noncombustible is limited combustible are similar to fire-resistive construction except...
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that the degree of fire resistance is lower.
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page 66
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What is the primary fire hazard of type II?
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The primary fire hazard of noncombustible or limited combustible is the contents of the building.
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page 66
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What is the hazard with roofs of type II?
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Structural members can fail as heat rises, with fire extension to the roof can eventually cause the entire roof to come involved and fail.
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page 66
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Ordinary construction features include...
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exterior walls and structural members constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible materials, while interior structural members, including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs are completely or partially constructed of wood.
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page 66
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What is the primary fire concern for type III?
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The primary fire concern for Ordinary Construction is the fire and smoke spreading through concealed spaces (between the walls, floors and ceiling).
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page 66
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Heavy timber construction features include, type_...
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Type IV, exterior and interior walls and their associated structural members made of noncombustible or limited combustible material. Other interior structural members including beams, columns, arches, floors, and roofs, are made of solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces.
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page 67
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What is the primary fire hazard associated with type IV?
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Heavy timber primary fire hazard is the massive amount of combustible contents presented by the structural timbers in addition to the contents of the building. The timber will give off tremendous amounts of heat which poses a serious problem when trying to protect exposures.
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page 67
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Type V construction features include...
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Wood-frame construction includes exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials of smaller dimension than those used for heavy timber.
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page 67
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What is a fire concern with type V?
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Wood-frame construction presents firefighters with fire coming from windows extending to the exterior of the structure.
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page 67
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load-bearing walls
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those that support structural weight.
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page 68
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nonload-bearing walls
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those that do not support structural weight.
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page 68
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party wall
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supports two adjacent structures is a load-bearing wall.
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page 68
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partition wall
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simply divides two area within a structure and is a nonload-bearing wall.
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page 68
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The reaction of fire on wood depends on what two factors?
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The size of the wood and the moisture content
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page 68
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Water (as an extinguisher) has what effect on wood?
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Minimizes damage by stopping the charring process, which would reduce woods strength.
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page 68
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Masonry
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bricks, stones, and concrete (blocks) masonry products.
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page 69
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Fire walls
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often made of masonry to separate two connected structures and prevent the spread of fire from one structure to another.
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page 69
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cantilever walls
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are free standing fire walls commonly found on large churches and shopping centers.
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page 69
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veneer wall
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decorative masonry usually attached to the outside of some type of load-bearing frame structure.
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page 69
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How does masonry react to the heat and exposure of fire?
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Rarely shows signs of loss of integrity. Blocks may crack but still hold their integrity. The mortar which is used between stone and bricks deteriorates.
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page 69
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Water (as an extinguisher) has what effect on masonry?
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Causes rapid cooling, which can cause bricks, blocks, or stone to crack.
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page 69
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Cast Iron water effect in heat instances is...
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basically the same as masonry but with an added effect of shattering when rapidly cooled by water.
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page 69
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When steel structural members are subjected to heat what happens?
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They elongate, and even push out load bearing walls causing collapse.
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page 70
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At what temp is steel structural members predicted to fail?
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1,000 F degrees
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page 70
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What is water's effect on steel structural members?
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Water can cool and reduce the risk of failure.
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page 70
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Reinforced concrete
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Concrete that is internally fortified with steel reinforcement bars or mesh.
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page 70
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What is heats effect of reinforced concrete?
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Loses strength as it causes a failure in the bond between the concrete and the steel
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page 70
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Gypsum
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An inorganic product from which plaster and plasterboards are constructed.
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page 71
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Where and why is gypsum used?
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Is used to commonly provide insulation to steel and wood structural members that are less adapted to high heat situations because it breaks down gradually under fire conditions.
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page 71
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Fire load
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The maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials in a given area burn.
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page 72
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Heavy fire loading
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The presence of large amounts or combustible materials in an area of a building.
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page 72
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Indicators of building collapse include:
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-Cracks or separations in walls, floors, ceilings, and roof structure
-Evidence of existing structural instability -Loose bricks, blocks, or stones falling from building -Deteriorated mortar between masonry -Walls that appear to be leaning -Structural members that appear to be distorted -Fires beneath floors that support heavy loads -Prolonged fire exposure to the structural members -Unusual creaks and cracking noises -Structural members pulling away from walls -Excessive weight of building contents |
page 73-74
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The collapse zone should be equal to...
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one and half times the building height.
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page 74
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Trusses
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lightweight steel trusses and lightweight wood trusses which are becoming very common in houses, apartments, and small commercial buildings and are very weak and due to fail.
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page 74-75
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Gusset plates
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Small metal plates with prongs that penetrate about 3/4 of an inch into the wood.
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page 75
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Trusses will fail after...
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five to ten minutes of fire exposure.
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page 75
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If one member on a truss fails...
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the whole truss fails.
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page 76
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Truss-containing building exposed to fire conditions for 5 to 10 minutes should...
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not be entered, and crews should not go onto the roofs.
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page 76
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