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7 Cards in this Set
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Simple Squamous Structure: single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; simplest of the epithelia Function: found where filtration or exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority; due to its thinness and permeability Location: *kidneys- forms a filtration membrane *lungs- forms walls of air sacs Specializations: *Endothelium- provides a slick lining in the lymphatic vessels and in hollow organs of the cardiovascular system (blood vessels and heart) *Mesothelium- found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and lining its organs |
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Simple Cuboidal Structure: Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei Function: secretion and absorption Location: forms the walls of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules *kidney tubules *ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface |
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Simple Columnar Structure: single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia: layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells) Function: dense microvilli and goblet cells make this tissue ideal for absorption, and secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances Specializations: some are ciliated, which helps move substances through an internal passageway; digestive tract epithelia Location: *non-ciliated- digestive tract, gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands *ciliated- lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus |
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Pseudostratified Columnar Structure: single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface, all connected to basal membrane; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain goblet cells and bear cilia Function: absorption; secretes mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action Specializations: a ciliated version containing goblet cells lines the respiratory tract and propel dust-trapping mucus away from the lungs Location: *non-ciliated- male's sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands *ciliated- lines trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract *the different heights of cells make it look like several layers when it's actually just a single layer |
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Stratified Squamous Structure: thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar, surface cells are flattened; in the keratinized type, surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active mitosis and produce cells of the more superficial layers Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion and its surface cells are constantly being rubbed away and replaced by division of its basal cells Specializations: keratinized- hard; non-keratinized- soft Location: *non-keratinized- forms the linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina *keratinized- forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry mrmbrane |
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Transitional Epithelium Structure: resembles stratified squamous/cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamous-like, depending in degree of organ stretch Function: stretches (shape-shifts) rapidly and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine, allowing more urine to flow through the tube-like organ Location: lines the uretes, and part of the urethra |
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Goblet Cells Structure: a multicellular exocrine gland shaped like a goblet Function: produce mucin, a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted and forms a slimy coating that protects and lubricates surfaces Location: sprinkled in the epithelial linings of the intestinal and respiratory tracts amid columnar cells with other functions |
