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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What does thymus secrete |
Thymosin And thyompoietin |
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Thymus hormones have a role in development of what? |
Immune system Actions of the hormones thymosin and thyompoietin make the thymus part of the immune system |
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What is the largest endocrine gland? |
Thyroid gland |
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What does the thyroid gland secrete? |
the two main hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) unlike other glands, it can store hormones to use later |
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Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland secrete what? |
Calcitonin |
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What does the thyroid hormone (TH) do? |
Increases the metabolic rate which increases heat production |
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What does calcitonin trigger? |
Secretes in response to rising blood calcium levels, triggers the deposition of calcium in bones, promotes bone formation |
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What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) respond to? |
Low blood levels of calcium |
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Steps in PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
-inhibits new bone formation while stimulating the breakdown of old bone, causing calcium to move out of the bone into the blood -encourages kidneys to transit calcium -vitamin d allows intestines to absorb calcium from food |
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Steps of blood calcium excess (PTH) |
—blood calcium high —thyroid releases calcitonin —calcium moves from blood bone —blood calcium levels decrease |
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Steps to blood calcium deficiency (PTH) |
—blood calcium low/deficiency —parathyroid releases PTH —calcium moves from bones, kidneys, and intestines to blood —blood calcium levels increase |
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What is thyroid hypersecrete known as? |
Graves’ disease |
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What does parathyroid reabsorb? |
Calcium by kidneys |
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Steps in heat production |
—cold stimulates the hypothalamus to release thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) —(TRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) —TSH stimulates the thyroid to release thyroid hormones —negative feedback—-at the same time the increases thyroid hormone inhibits release of TSH by the pituitary —thyroid hormones stimulate metabolism increasing warmth |
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TSH stimulates what? |
Metabolism increasing warmth |
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Adrenal gland |
Perched at each kidney 2 sections: adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex |
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What is Adrenal medulla? |
Modifies neurons called chromaffins that acts part of the sympathetic nervous system |
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What hormone does adrenal medulla secrete? |
Catecholamines—-specifically epinephrine and norepinephrine In response to stimulation |
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What does catecholamines do? |
—prepares body for physical activity —-increase heart rate, blood pressure , stimulating circulation in muscles —dilates bronchioles —maximized blood flow —inhibit digestion —boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen into glucose and converting fatty acids and amino acids into glucoe |
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Define adrenal cortex |
Consist of 3 layers of glandular tissue. —mineralocorticoids —glucocorticoid —Sex steroids |
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What is the principal mineralocorticoids? |
Aldosterone |
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What does aldosterone do? |
—acts on kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion —causes water retention |
Salt sucks |
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Principal of Glucocorticoid? |
Cortisol |
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What does glucocorticoid do? |
—help body adapt to stress; repair damage tissue by stimulating the breakdown of fat and protein —converts fat and protein into glucose —releases fatty acid and glucose into the blood —anti-inflammatory effect —suppress immune system if secreted over a long time —essential for maintaining blood pressure |
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What is the Posterior pituitary gland? |
—Made up of neural tissue —stores hormones synthesized by hypothalamus |
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What hormones are secretes by posterior pituitary gland? |
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin (OT) |
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What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? |
- acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and to prevent dehydration ADH is also called vasopressin |
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What is oxytocin (OT)? |
—stimulates contraction in uterus during childbirth — it also triggers release of breast milk during lactation |
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What is the pancreas? |
- is somewhat unique, due to it containing both endocrine and exocrine tissues. - the vast majority acts as an exocrine gland |
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Where is the pancreas located in the body? |
Behind the stomach with its head tucked in the curve of the beginning of the small intestine and it’s tail reaching to the spleen |
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What/where does the pancreas secrete? |
—exocrine cells, called acini, secrete digestive enzymes into ducts that drain into small intestine |
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What are the islets of langerhans |
—located in pancreas —contain several different types of cells —main cells: alpha, beta, delta cells —help in making insulin |
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What are alpha cell secreting? |
Glucagon |
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What does the Alpha cells do? |
—between meals blood glucose levels drop, glucagon stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose - it also converts fatty acids and amino acids into glucose, resulting glucose is released into bloodstream causing blood glucose levels rise |
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What does a beta cell secrete? |
Insulin |
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What do beta cells do? |
—after eating levels of glucose and amino acids in blood rise —insulin stimulates cells to absorb both of these nutrients causing blood glucose levels to fall |
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What do delta cells secrete? |
Somatostatin |
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What are delta cells? |
—hormones that work within the pancreas to regulate the other endocrine cells —inhibits the release of both glucagon and insulin —inhibits growth hormone |
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What does poly mean |
Much |
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What does suffix Uria mean |
Sounds like urine |
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What is polyuria |
Means much urine |
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Suffix -phagia mean |
Means eating |
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Polyphagia mean |
Excessive eating |
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Suffix -dipsia mean |
Thirst |
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What does polydipsia mean? |
Drinking much water |
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Hormones of pancreatic islets |
—glucagon-liver-stimulates breakdown of stored form of glucose for release in bloodstream —insulin-most tissues—stimulates movement of glucose from bloodstream into cells —somatostatin—pancreatic cells-mainly helps regulate the secretion of other hormones of the pancreas. |
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Gonads |
—Testes in males —testosterone —ovaries in females —estrogen |
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What is prostaglandins |
Lipid molecules Released in tissue where they are produced Promote pain and fever Involved in inflammation, blood clotting, uterine, contraction, reproduction and digestion |
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