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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a good death?
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*Symptoms managed
*People surrounded with family |
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What are people's fear of dying?
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*Fear of the unknown
*Not get to say good-bye *Financial impact *Leaving loved ones |
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Define death.
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The irreversible cessation of respiratory and circulatory function or the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain.
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Define loss.
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A potential or actual situation in which something that is valued is changed, no longer available, or gone.
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How is developmental loss different from situational loss?
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Developmental losses are anticipated.
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What are the two types of losses?
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1. Perceived loss
2. Actual loss |
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Describe grief.
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*An emotion experienced in relation to loss
*Manifested in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors *An individual and a social process *Is essential |
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What are the 5 stages of grieving?
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1. Denial
2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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What are four healthy grief responses?
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1. Adaptive grief
2. Abbreviated grief 3. Anticipatory grief 4. Disenfranchised grief |
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How long is the grieving process?
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12 - 18 months.
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What is dysfunctional grief?
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Unresolved or inhibited grief.
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List some factors that influence the Grief and Loss Responses.
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*Age
*Life experiences *Spiritual beliefs *Gender *Secioeconomic status *Support system *Cause of loss or death *Relationship |
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How do children under 5 understand death?
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They believe that death i reversible - they don't recognize death.
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How do 5-9 year olds see death?
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Death is final and avoidable.
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How do children 9-12 year olds see death?
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An inevitalbe end of life and it happens to everyone.
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How do 12-18 year olds see death?
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There are various beliefs/attitudes influenced by peers.
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How do 18-45 year olds see death?
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Their beliefs are influenced by religion and culture.
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How do 45-65 year olds see death?
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They accept their own mortality.
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How do people over 65 years old see death?
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There are multiple meanings to death.
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What are the 3 components of assessing loss and grief?
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1. Nursing history
2. Assess personal coping and resources 3. Physical assessment |
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How can nurses alleviate fears and promote a good death?
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Facilitate grief work.
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What is grief work?
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*Exploration of values
*Encourage expressions and reflections *Encourage routine and facilitate traditions *Promote self care *Explain expectations *Set realistic goals *Educate *Advocate and collaborate *Guide "letting go" |
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How can a nurse provide emotional support?
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*Provie presence
*Compassion *Promote security and be honest *Acknowledgement *Referral *Recognize and promote autonomy *Therapeutic communication *Assist in transcendence |
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What are 5 legal issues regarding death and dying?
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1. Advanced health care directives
2. DNR/DNI 3. Euthanasia 4. Organ donation 5. Autopsy |
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What are some signs of death and dying?
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*Pain
*Delirium/anxiety *Restlessness *Dehydration *Dysphagia *Dyspnea *Weakness/fatigue *Myoclonus *Skin integrity *Bowel patterns *Urinary patterns *Urinary incontinence *Anorexia, N/V |
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What are some signs of impending death?
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*Changes in alertness
*Changes in breathing pattern *Loss of muscle tone/decreased activity *Decreased circulation *Sensory impairment *Slowing of body processes *Decreased in appetite and/or dysphagia *Vital sign changes *Near-death awareness |
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What are some holistic nursing interventions for death?
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*Lived reviews
*Imagery *Relaxation *Rituals that have had significant meaning *Cultural and spiritual considerations |
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What are the general principles for End Of Life nursing care?
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Pain - alleviate suffering, dignity, and family involvement.
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List some postmortem care nursing interventions.
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*Allow family to view body
*Respect religious beliefs and customs *Wash/dress the body *Make the room comfortable for family *In some facilities, place ID tags and wrap in shroud *Handle deceased with dignity |
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What is hospice care?
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Part of palliative care and documented terminal illness.
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What is palliative care?
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A focus on pain and symptom management.
Used for years. Chronic illness. |
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Who is at the center of hospice care?
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The patient/family.
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Who are two key members of the hospice team?
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1. Registered nurse/case manager.
2. Primary physician and medical director. |
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Who pays for hospice care?
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*Medicare
*Medical assistance *Private insurance |
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What services are included in hospice care?
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*Equipment
*Medications *Hospice team services *Respite care *Short-term inpatient or continuous care |
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When should a hospice referral be made?
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*Dagnoses of terminal illness
*Declining condition *Multiple admitting diagnoses * |
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What criteria must be met to qualify for hospice?
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*Admitting diagnosis
*Declining ADL score *Declining condition *Comfort-focus |
