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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paracetamol indications |
Mild to moderate pain. Moderate to severe pain in addition to other medications. May be administered to patients with fever above 39C if fever is causing discomfort. |
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Paracetamol contraindications |
Known severe allergy |
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Paracetamol cautions |
Taken paracetamol in the last 4 hours Abdo pain, particularly if unwell or vomiting Known severe liver disease |
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Paracetamol mechanism of action |
Inhibits the production of prostaglandins causing a reduction in pain and fever. |
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Paracetamol onset and duration |
Onset 30-60 minutes, duration 4-6 hours |
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Ibuprofen indications |
Mild to moderate pain. Moderate to severe pain, usually in combination with other medications. |
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Ibuprofen contraindications |
Known severe allergy Pregnancy Sepsis Shock Dehydration Clinically significant bleeding Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAIDs |
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Ibuprofen cautions |
Taken ibuprofen in the last four hours Abdominal pain, particularly if the patient is very unwell or vomiting Age greater than or equal to 75, particularly if frail |
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Ibuprofen side effects |
Renal impairment Increased bleeding Indigestion, GI ulceration and GI bleeding, associated with long term use |
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Ibuprofen mechanism of action |
Ibuprofen is a NSAID used predominantly for pain. Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of the enzyme prostaglandin synthetase, reducing prostaglandin formation reducing pain, fever and inflammation. |
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Ibuprofen onset and duration |
Onset 30-60 minutes. Duration 4-6 hours. |
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Aspirin indications |
Myocardial ischemia, STEMI |
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Aspirin contraindications |
Known severe allergy, third trimester of pregnancy |
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Aspirin cautions |
Known bleeding disorder Clinically significant bleeding Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAIDs. |
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Aspirin action |
Aspirin inhibits the enzyme formation of cyclooxygenase which results in a reduction in the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane. Thromboxane is required to facilitate platelet aggregation.
Aspirin has anti-platelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. |
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Aspirin onset and duration |
Onset 30-60 minutes Duration - 3 to 5 days (life of the platelets) platelets last 7-10 days. 10% of platelets are replaced each day. |
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Aspirin adverse effects. |
Increased bleeding GI ulceration, GI bleeding and indigestion with long term use. |
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Glucagon indications |
Hypoglycaemia where the patient cannot safely swallow food/glucose and IV access cannot be obtained. |
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Glucagon contraindications |
Known severe allergy |
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Glucagon cautions |
None |
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Glucagon mechanism of action |
Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis - the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, predominantly in the liver. |
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Glucagon dose |
1mg adult 0.5mg aged less than 5 years |
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Glucagon onset and duration |
Onset 5-10 minutes Duration 15-60 minutes |
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Glucagon side effects |
None |
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GTN spray indications |
Myocardial ischemia Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Control of hypertension associated with autonomic dysreflexia Control of hypertension prior to fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI (ICP) Control of hypertension during interhospital transfer for STEMI (ICP) STEMI
STEMI |
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GTN spray contraindications |
Known severe allergy Systolic BP less than 110mmHg Heart rate less than 40/minute Heart rate greater than 150/minute Ventricular tachycardia |
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GTN spray cautions |
STEMI, particularly involving the right ventricle Patient is frail Signs of shock Dysrhythmia Taken phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the last 24 hours Known aortic or mitral stenosis |
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GTN action |
GTN is a vasodilator. It acts on smooth muscle to cause venous and arterial dilation, with the predominant effect being on the veins. It appears that GTN causes the formation of nitric oxide, a vasodilator. Venous dilation = reduced preload Arterial dilation = reduced afterload |
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GTN dose |
Myocardial ischaemia 0.4mg every 5 minutes (10 mins if caution) STEMI 0.4 with caution - withhold if poor perfusion CPO 0.8 every five minutes, consider every 10 min if caution. Increase dose + frequency if PT not improving. Control of hypertension 0.4 every 5 minutes. |
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GTN spray side effects |
Hypotension Flushing Headache Tachycardia Feeling lightheaded |
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GTN spray onset and duration |
Onset 1-2 minutes Duration 15-30 minutes |
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Ipratropium indications |
Bronchospasm secondary to asthma and COPD. Prominent bronchospasm secondary to chest infection, airway burns or smoke inhalation. |
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Ipratropium contraindications |
Known severe allergy |
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Ipratropium cautions |
None |
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Ipratropium action |
Ipratropium is a bronchodilator. It is an anticholinergic agent with predominantly antimuscarinic activity. It blocks acetylcholine receptors, causing vagal inhibition resulting in vasodilation. |
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Ipratropium side effects |
Tachycardia Dry mouth Blurred vision (repeat doses) |
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Ipratropium onset and duration |
Onset 2-5 minutes Duration 6 hours |
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Salbutamol indications |
Bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD. Prominent bronchospasm associated with chest infection, smoke inhalation or airway burns. Release syndrome following crush injury Known or suspected hyperkalemia with ECG changes. |
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Salbutamol contraindications |
Known severe allergy |
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Salbutamol cautions |
None |
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Salbutamol action |
Salbutamol is a bronchodilator. It stimulates beta 2 receptors causing relaxation of smooth muscle, bronchodilation and stabilisation of mast cells. |
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Salbutamol onset and duration |
Onset 2-5 minutes Duration 1-2 hours |
