Emt-B Exam 1

Front 1

National Scope of Practice for the EMT

Back 1

An integrated, interdependent EMS education system that strives to improve patient care and safety, allow reciprocity between states, and and decrease public confusion by establishing the four levels of practice.

Hint 1

pg. 5

Front 2

Four national EMS certifications

Back 2

Emergency medical responder (EMR)

Emergency medical technician (EMT)

Advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT)

Paramedic

Hint 2

pg. 5-6

Front 3

Medical Director definition

Back 3

A medical physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of EMS. Provides medical direction and oversees EMS education programs, refresher courses and continuing education.

Hint 3

pg. 11-12

Front 4

Medical Director requirements

Back 4

Earn a medical degree.

Complete medical training.

Pursue board certification.

Become licensed to practice medicine.

Consider earning voluntary certification.

Gain clinical teaching experience.

Front 5

Standing orders

Back 5

A subset of protocols that do not require real-time physician input to perform treatment.

Hint 5

pg. 12

Front 6

Protocols

Back 6

Comprise a full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care.

Triage, treatment, transport, destination

Hint 6

pg. 12

Front 7

On-line medical direction

Back 7

Takes place when the EMS provider and physician communicate through phone call, radio, or video transmissions to provide immediate feedback and medical direction to the EMS personnel regarding patient diagnosis, condition, and emergency care.

Hint 7

pg. 11

Front 8

Off-line medical direction

Back 8

A function of indirect medical oversight where treatment is provided through a set of predetermined and written guidelines (standing orders) that allow the EMT to use their judgment to administer emergency medical care without a direct line with a physician.

Hint 8

pg. 12

Front 9

Standard precautions

Back 9

Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.

Hint 9

pg. 26-27

Front 10

Body substance isolation

Back 10

Avoiding contact with all moist and potentially infectious body substances except sweat even if blood not present.

Strict Isolation, Respiratory Isolation, Protective Isolation, Enteric Precautions, Wound and Skin Precautions, Discharge Precautions, and Blood Precautions. Jan 1, 1996.

Front 11

Communicable disease

Back 11

One that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus: or by being bitten by an insect.

Hint 11

pg. 27

Front 12

Pathogens

Back 12

Microorganisms found in the environment that cause diseases.

Includes: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths.

Hint 12

pg. 26

Front 13

Helping families cope with grief

Back 13

Do everything possible to maintain the patient's dignity.

Show the greatest respect for the patient.

Communicate.

Allow family members to express themselves.

Listen empathetically.

Do not give false assurances.

Use a gentle tone.

Take appropriate steps if the family wants to touch or hold the body after death.

Do what you can to comfort the family.

Hint 13

pg. 21

Front 14

Reflective safety vests

Back 14

Helps create visibility in darkness from nearby vehicles.

Hint 14

pg. 37

Front 15

DNR

Back 15

Do not resuscitate.

Hint 15

pg. 49

Front 16

When do DNRs become effective?

Back 16

Check if physician's instructions are clear, concise, and unambiguous or written on a professional letterhead. It must be presented on scene.

Hint 16

pg. 50

Front 17

Standards of Care definition

Back 17

The degree of care a prudent and reasonable person would exercise under similar circumstances.

Front 18

Expressed Consent

Back 18

Obtained from a conscious and rational adult upon being given an assessment and the procedures to be conducted.

Verbal confirmation is preferred, but non-verbal cues are also accepted.

It is good practice to document the patient's approval.

Hint 18

pg. 49

Front 19

Implied Consent

Back 19

Conducted on an unresponsive or irrational patient with the implication being that permission would be given if they were able.

Hint 19

pg. 49

Front 20

Minor consent

Back 20

Consent to treat a minor must be obtained from a parent, legal guardian, or other person who has been granted limited rights of decision making by the parents.

Hint 20

pg. 49

Front 21

Involuntary consent

Back 21

Applied when dealing with a mentally incompetent adult or an individual in the custody of law enforcement or incarcerated.

Hint 21

pg. 49

Front 22

Neglicence

Back 22

Duty to act

Breach of duty

Suffered harm or injury

Approximate cause

Front 23

Legal Aspects

Back 23

Assault

Abandonment

Battery

False imprisonment

Front 24

When can a patient refuse?

Back 24

When a healthcare provider sufficiently informs you about the treatment options, you have the right to accept or refuse treatment. It is unethical to physically force or coerce someone into treatment against their will if they are of sound mind and are mentally capable of making an informed decision.

Front 25

How to protect against liability on EMS

Back 25

EMS providers can be protected from claims of malpractice under their states' immunity laws, but such laws can differ widely in their construction and effect.

Have them sign an AMA form

Front 26

Good Samaritan Laws

Back 26

A person who in good faith administers emergency care at the scene of an emergency or in a hospital is not liable in civil damages for an act performed during the emergency unless the act is willfully or wantonly negligent".

Front 27

HIPAA & Privacy

Back 27

The Rule requires appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy of protected health information and sets limits and conditions on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such information without an individual's authorization.

Front 28

Who can share info of the patient?

Back 28

Any medical care team with another medical care provider.

Front 29

Active listening

Back 29

Active listening is a way of listening and responding to another person that improves mutual understanding.

Front 30

Open ended vs. Closed ended questions

Back 30

Open-ended questions are those that provide respondents with a question prompt and provide them a space in which to construct their own response. Closed-ended questions, alternatively, provide a question prompt and ask respondents to choose from a list of possible responses.

Front 31

Procedure for receiving orders via radio or phone

Back 31

Echo or repeat the orders back to the physician.

Front 32

Body Mechanics and proper lifting techniques

Back 32

Keep a wide base of support. .

Squat down, bending at the hips and knees only. ..

Keep good posture.

Slowly lift by straightening your hips and knees (not your back)...

Hold the load as close to your body as possible, at the level of your belly button.

Front 33

Baby Safe Haven

Back 33

Approximately seven States require parents to relinquish their infants only to a hospital, emergency medical services provider, or health-care facility.

Front 34

S.O.A.P.

Back 34

Subjective

Objective

Assessment

Plan

Front 35

C.H.A.R.T.

Back 35

Chief Complaint

History (Past & Present)

Assessment

Rx

Treatment

Front 36

Proper radio communication procedures

Back 36

Don't broadcast disparaging or embarrassing comments.

Don't jump to conclusions.

Front 37

Anatomy

Back 37

the science that studies the structure of the body.

Front 38

Physiology

Back 38

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.

Front 39

Agonal respiration

Back 39

Gasping (usually seen before death).

Front 40

Minute volume (& formula)

Back 40

Minute ventilation is the tidal volume times the respiratory rate

usually, 500 ml * 12 breaths/min • 6000 mL/min.

Increasing respiratory rate or tidal volume will increase minute ventilation.

Front 41

Late adulthood characteristics

Back 41

Loss of independence is major concern.

Most are healthy.

Front 42

White blood cells

Back 42

They help the body fight infection and other diseases.

Front 43

Red blood cells

Back 43

Carries oxygen attached to iron sites within the hemoglobin.

Front 44

Platelets

Back 44

a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.

Front 45

Plasma

Back 45

Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma.

Front 46

Ventilation

Back 46

Passage of air through the body from the nose/mouth all the way into the lungs

Front 47

Perfusion

Back 47

the passage of blood, a blood substitute, or other fluid through the blood vessels or other natural channels in an organ or tissue.

Front 48

Voluntary muscles

Back 48

A voluntary muscle is a muscle that you choose to move, like those in the arms and legs, as opposed to the ones that move automatically, like the heart.

Front 49

Involuntary muscles

Back 49

the ones that do not move or contract under the conscious control of a person, ie, these muscles work automatically. These muscles line the organs like the urinary bladder, blood vessels, stomach, intestine, etc.

Hint 49

pg. 141

Front 50

Aerobic metabolism

Back 50

The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.

Front 51

Anaerobic metabolism

Back 51

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.

Front 52

Ball and Socket joint

Back 52

shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements.

Front 53

Condyloid joint

Back 53

a type of synovial joint In one articular surface of the bone, there is an ovoid convexity in which it articulates with other bone having an ellipsoidal cavity.

Front 54

Pulse pressure

Back 54

the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Front 55

Cyanosis

Back 55

Bluish discoloration of the skin.

Front 56

Diaphoresis

Back 56

Excessive sweating.

Front 57

Evchymosis

Back 57

Discoloration of the skin from internal bleeding, typically caused by bruising.

Front 58

Sections of the Spinal Column

Back 58

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacral

coccy

Front 59

Femur

Back 59

Thigh bone

Front 60

Clavicle

Back 60

Collarbone

Front 61

Tibia

Back 61

Shin bone

Front 62

Metatarsals

Back 62

Foot bones

Front 63

Metacarpals

Back 63

hand bones

Front 64

Ulna

Back 64

Medial bone of the forearm

Front 65

Radius

Back 65

Lateral bone of the forearm

Front 66

Scapula

Back 66

Shoulder blade

Front 67

Humerus

Back 67

upper arm bone

Front 68

Patella

Back 68

Kneecap

Front 69

Pubis

Back 69

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Front 70

Sternum

Back 70

Chest bone

Front 71

Xiphoid process

Back 71

bottom of sternum

Front 72

Distal

Back 72

Farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Front 73

Proximal

Back 73

Closer to the point of attachment.

Front 74

Lateral

Back 74

away from the midline

Front 75

Medial

Back 75

toward the midline

Front 76

Superior

Back 76

Higher on the body, nearer to the head.

Front 77

Inferior

Back 77

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Front 78

Midauxillary line

Back 78

An imaginary vertical line that starts at the middle of the axilla (armpit) and extends down the side of the chest.

Front 79

Midclavicular line

Back 79

An imaginary line on the chest that runs vertically through the center of the clavicle

Front 80

Midline

Back 80

An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

Front 81

Inhalation

Back 81

breathing in.

Front 82

Exhalation

Back 82

breathing out.

Front 83

Location of gas exchange

Back 83

alveoli and capillaries in lungs

capillary beds and cells throughout the body

Front 84

Normal stimulus for breathing

Back 84

CO2 levels

Front 85

Cardiac muscles

Back 85

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Front 86

Smooth muscle

Back 86

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body.

Front 87

Skeletal muscle

Back 87

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

bones.

Front 88

Minute volume

Back 88

Amount of air moving in and out of lungs each minute

(-8,000 mL); TV × RR = MV

Front 89

Age Groups

Back 89

Neonate- birth to 4 weeks

Infant-1 month - 1 year

Toddler 1-3 years

Preschool 3-6 years

School age 6-12 years

Adolescent 12-18 years

Front 90

Parts of the skull

Back 90

Pg 138

Front 91

Boyle' law and how it affects the mechanics of ventilation

Back 91

the volume of a gas and pressure are proportional at a given temperature. in other words when the pressure increases, the volume decrease and vice versa

An increase of pressure wil decrease the volume of

a decrease in pressure will increase the volume of

Front 92

Oxygen concentration in the ambient air

Back 92

21%

Front 93

Aorta

Back 93

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through

the body.

Front 94

Coronary arteries

Back 94

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

Front 95

Carotid artery

Back 95

The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain.

Front 96

Femoral artery

Back 96

the major artery supplying the leg.

Front 97

Dorsalis pedis artery

Back 97

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.

Front 98

Posterior pedis artery

Back 98

maior artery in the back of foot.

Front 99

Posterior tibial artery

Back 99

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle.

Front 100

Brachial artery

Back 100

The maior vessel in the upper extremity that supplie blood to the arm.

Front 101

Radial artery

Back 101

The major artery in the forearm: it is palpable at th wrist on the thumb side.

Front 102

Pulmonary artery

Back 102

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the hea to the lungs.

Front 103

Five stages of grief

Back 103

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Acceptance

Hint 103

pg. 20

Front 104

Cleaning

Back 104

The process of washing a soiled object with soap and water.

Hint 104

pg. 31

Front 105

Disinfecting

Back 105

Cleaning with a hospital-grade disinfectant or germicide to kill most of the microorganisms covering a surface.

Hint 105

pg. 31

Front 106

Sterilization

Back 106

The process by which an object is subjected to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms on a surface.

Hint 106

pg. 31