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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In which of the following circumstances should a helmet be removed?
Answer If you suspect a skull fracture and need to palpate the head If you want to place a nasal cannula on the patient but cannot because his ears are covered by the helmet If the helmet interferes with airway management If the helmet fits so snugly that you cannot inspect the ears for the presence of blood or fluid |
If the helmet interferes with airway management
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When using a short spine immobilization device, which part of the body is secured last?
Answer Arms Torso Head Legs |
Head
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Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic shock?
Answer Blood loss from damaged spinal blood vessels Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood Extreme emotional response to paralysis Dilation of blood vessels |
Dilation of blood vessels
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You respond to a patient who was hit in the face with a chair. Upon arrival, you notice a patient leaning in the corner and bleeding profusely from the mouth and nose. Your first action should be which of the following?
Answer Assure scene safety. Suction the airway and have the patient lean back. Take c-spine precautions. Place the patient on a nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. |
Assure scene safety.
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The proper procedure for opening the airway of an unresponsive trauma patient is:
Answer head-tilt without chin-lift. jaw-thrust maneuver. Sellick's maneuver. head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. |
jaw-thrust maneuver.
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Which of the following may be a hazard of an improperly fitting cervical collar?
Answer Allows hyperextension of the neck Prevents the patient from opening his mouth Allows flexion of the neck All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following is the opening at the base of the skull?
Answer Foramen magnum Orbits Spinous process Temporomandibular joint |
Foramen magnum
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When log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal injury, which of the following EMTs directs the move?
Answer The EMT at the head of the patient The EMT with the highest level of training The EMT with the most seniority The EMT at the heaviest portion of the patient |
The EMT at the head of the patient
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Which of the following is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine injuries?
Answer Soft cervical collars Five-pound sand bags Rigid cervical collars All of the above |
Rigid cervical collars
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Which of the following describes the proper position of the patient's head for spinal immobilization?
Answer Chin tilted upward for airway maintenance Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position Stabilized in position found The "sniffing" position |
Neutral, in-line "eyes forward" position
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Messages from the body to the brain are carried by which of the following types of nerves?
Answer Sensory Skeletal Motor Cranial |
Sensory
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When blood accumulates between the brain and the dura mater, what is the result?
Answer Epidural contusion Subdural contusion Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma |
Subdural hematoma
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At which point may manual stabilization of the cervical spine be terminated?
Answer Only when directed to do so by medical control When the patient is secured to a long backboard After a short immobilization device has been applied After a cervical collar has been applied |
When the patient is secured to a long backboard
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Which of the following observations may the EMT use to rule out a spinal injury in a trauma patient?
Answer Patient is able to walk at the scene. There is a lack of mechanism of injury. There is a lack of numbness and paralysis of the extremities. Patient denies pain in his spine. |
There is a lack of mechanism of injury.
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Your patient was struck in the driver's side door by another vehicle. You notice that when you apply painful pressure she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists. Which of the following terms should you use to describe this?
Answer Tonic-clonic activity Posturing Cushing's reflex Battle's sign |
Posturing
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As pressure within the cranium increases, which of the following is the result?
Answer Decreased blood pressure, decreased pulse Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse Decreased blood pressure, increased pulse Increased blood pressure, increased pulse |
Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse
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Which of the following is controlled by the left side of the brain?
Answer Sensation in the left arm Sensation of the right leg Movement of both lower extremities Movement of the left arm |
Sensation of the right leg
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Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to injury?
Answer Thoracic and lumbar Cervical and lumbar Cervical and sacra Thoracic and sacra |
Cervical and lumbar
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Your patient is pregnant at 20 weeks' gestation and has been thrown from a horse. She is complaining of back pain. Which of the following is the correct procedure for immobilizing her spine?
Answer Use a short immobilization device and transport the patient in a sitting position. Place the patient supine on the backboard. Place the patient on her left side on the backboard. Place the patient supine on the backboard and tilt it to the left. |
Place the patient supine on the backboard and tilt it to the left.
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While assessing a patient with a laceration to the neck, the EMT must be aware that which of the following conditions may develop?
Answer Deep vein thrombosis Air embolus Air thrombosis Deep vein embolus |
Air embolus
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Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological assessment that looks at which of the following?
Answer Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response Grip strength, verbal response, and eye opening Verbal response, motor response, and AVPU Motor response, arm movement, and speech |
Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
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Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury?
Answer Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard. Keep the patient from becoming overheated. Try to keep the patient from being agitated. Control bleeding from head wounds. |
Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard.
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Which of the following is classified as an open head injury?
Answer Contusion without a skull fracture Laceration with a skull fracture Laceration without a skull fracture Both A and B |
Laceration with a skull fracture
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In most cases, which of the following is the correct way to provide initial management of a suspected cervical spine injury?
Answer Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position. Gently apply pressure to the top of the patient's head. Maintain the patient's head and neck in the position they are found. Provide approximately 15 pounds of upward cervical traction. |
Hold the patient's head still in a neutral, "eyes forward" position.
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Which of the following is NOT used to calculate a patient's GCS?
Answer Eye movement Verbal response Work of breathing Motor response |
Work of breathing
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Multiple trauma and multisystem trauma patients are situations in which the EMT is expected to perform which of the following?
Answer Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual. Provide the best quality care possible, including definitive care on-scene. Respond above and beyond the call of duty. Practice outside the scope of practice in order to provide the greatest good. |
Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual.
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Which patient is the highest priority?
Answer A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 15 A patient with a Revised Trauma Score of 12 A patient with a penetrating chest injury A patient with a broken femur |
A patient with a penetrating chest injury
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Which of the following is the MOST significant mechanism of injury for a driver in a vehicle accident?
Answer Spidering of the windshield Encroachment greater than 12 inches of the driver's compartment Death of a passenger in the same vehicle Rear-end collision |
Death of a passenger in the same vehicle
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What is the BEST option an EMT has when encountering poor BVM compliance when attempting to ventilate a patient?
Answer Begin chest compressions. Place the patient on supplemental oxygen. Address ventilation en route to the hospital or ALS intercept. Involve two people in the procedure. |
Involve two people in the procedure.
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What is the definition of multisystem trauma?
Answer Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. Trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies. |
Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system.
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What are the three elements of the Revised Trauma Score?
Answer GCS, pulse rate, and respiratory rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate Level of consciousness, systolic blood pressure, and pulse rate |
GCS, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate
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While transporting, your patient begins to become increasingly confused, develop an irregular respiratory rate, and experience a drop in heart rate with an increase in blood pressure. You just called in a radio report and are about 7 minutes from the hospital. A trauma center is about 10 minutes away. Which of the following is the BEST transport decision?
Answer Call medical control for advice from the trauma center. Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic. Continue transporting to the local hospital because you've already given report and they accepted the patient. Continue transporting to the local hospital since it's the closest facility. |
Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic.
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Which one of the following is NOT a key decision for the EMT when faced with a multisystem or multiple trauma patient?
Answer Should I transport to a trauma center? Do I need to minimize on-scene time? Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene? Is the patient seriously injured? |
Should I allow police to interview the patient on-scene?
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According to CDC guidelines, a systolic blood pressure of less than _______ indicates a patient should be transported to a trauma center.
Answer 90 100 110 80 |
90
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What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of survival?
Answer Teamwork, timing, and transport Ground ambulances, air helicopters, and trauma centers Lights, sirens, and diesel Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury |
Teamwork, timing, and transport
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Which of the following choices is NOT a justifiable reason for delaying transport of a critical trauma patient?
Answer Suctioning the airway Awaiting arrival of the patient's parents on-scene Ventilating a patient in respiratory distress Immobilizing the patient to a long spine board |
Awaiting arrival of the patient's parents on-scene
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A respiratory rate of less than _______ and greater than _______ in cases of trauma are criteria for immediate transportation to a trauma center according to the CDC physiologic guidelines.
Answer 8; 32 10; 29 12; 20 5; 45 |
10; 29
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What is the height from which an adult fall would meet trauma triage criteria set forth by the CDC?
Answer 10 feet 25 feet 20 feet 15 feet |
20 feet
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Which of the following trauma triage criteria would justify transportation to a trauma center based on mechanism of injury alone?
Answer Vehicle rollover Vehicle crash-generated telemetry data Intrusion into the occupant area greater than 8 inches Auto versus pedestrian |
Auto versus pedestrian
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You respond to a 32-year-old male who fell 20 feet off a ladder. He is responsive to painful stimuli. He has snoring respirations at 20 a minute with decent chest rise and fall. He has a broken femur, a broken wrist, and a lacerated radial artery that is bleeding profusely. Which of these injuries is the highest priority?
Answer The arterial bleed The snoring respirations The broken wrist The femur fracture |
The arterial bleed
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Which one would be considered MOST severe, justifying immediate transportation to a trauma center?
Answer Midline cervical spine pain An open (compound) midshaft femur fracture Closed head injury Flail chest |
Flail chest
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What are some of the most important critical decisions an EMT can make on the scene of a serious trauma?
Answer Determining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision Whether to await ALS care on-scene or begin BLS transport Load and go versus stay and play Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury |
Determining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision
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What type of trauma triage criteria regarding transport would a finger amputation receive?
Answer Any hospital, as long as on-line medical direction approves the facility's capabilities Any hospital with surgical facilities Trauma center The patient's choice of destination |
Any hospital with surgical facilities
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You are on the scene of a 50-year-old male who lacerated his arm on a sheet of plate glass. He is pale, diaphoretic, and mumbling incoherently. You have controlled an arterial bleed with direct pressure. His blood pressure is 76/p, pulse 120, and respiratory rate of 28. Which of the following signs is the most concerning?
Answer The tachycardia The altered mental status The respiratory rate The blood pressure |
The blood pressure
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What is the definition of multiple trauma?
Answer A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies. Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. |
A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury.
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What is the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) measurement of altered mental status, which according to CDC guidelines necessitates transport to a trauma center?
Answer 12 13 8 14 |
13
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Which patient is the MOST unstable?
Answer An unresponsive patient with hypotension A patient who only responds to verbal stimuli An unresponsive patient with tachycardia A patient responsive to painful stimuli only |
An unresponsive patient with hypotension
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A patient not meeting ordinary trauma triage criteria may be transported to a trauma center based on what consideration?
Answer Review of morbidity and mortality The CDC "No-protocol Protocol" "Golden Hour" criteria EMS provider judgment |
EMS provider judgment
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What trauma triage guidelines did the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention release in order to guide the most injured patients into trauma centers?
Answer Teamwork, timing, and transport Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury Determining patient priority, amount of time on-scene, and hospital transport decision Lights, sirens, and diesel |
Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury
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Your patient is disoriented to time; has hot, dry skin; and appears to be generally weak. Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of treatment for this patient?
Answer Have the patient drink an electrolyte solution or sports drink and apply cold packs to her neck, armpits, and groin. Get as much ice as possible from the food vendors at the fair, place the patient in a large container of ice, and apply oxygen by nonrebreather mask. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, have the patient sip a sports drink or electrolyte solution, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin. |
Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin.
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A patient who is lying on cold ground is losing the most amount of heat by what mechanism?
Answer Radiation Convection Conduction Shivering |
Conduction
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Rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia may result in which of the following?
Answer Ventricular fibrillation Seizures Heart attack Rewarming shock |
Ventricular fibrillation
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Which of the following is the process in which heat is lost from the body as wind passes over it?
Answer Convection Hydrodynamic cooling Exposure Condensation |
Convection
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Heat stroke is caused by which of the following mechanisms?
Answer Blockage of blood flow to the brain Extreme dilation of all the blood vessels Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms Heat-induced swelling of brain tissue |
Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms
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Which of the following is acceptable in the management of a patient stung by a honey bee?
Answer Soak the affected area in warm water. Pull the stinger out using tweezers. Remove jewelry from any affected limbs. Elevate the affected site above the level of the heart to reduce swelling. |
Remove jewelry from any affected limbs.
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Why is it important to remove constricting items such as rings before thawing a frozen extremity?
Answer Because thawed areas often swell To prevent damage to the property such as rings and watches Because thawing leaves clots behind in the veins All of the above |
Because thawed areas often swell
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Which of the following occurs when gases leave a damaged lung in a diving accident and enter the bloodstream?
Answer Arterial thrombosis Arterial blood gases Hyperbaric arterial injury Arterial gas embolism |
Arterial gas embolism
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In a hypothermic patient the coldest blood is found in what part of the patient's body?
Answer Intestines Heart and lungs Head Extremities |
Extremities
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Why is it important to keep patients at rest when they are hypothermic?
Answer Since the blood is warmest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the warm blood and raises the core body temperature. Since the blood is coldest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and drop the blood pressure. Since the blood is coldest in the extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and lower the core body temperature. None of the above |
None of the above
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Which of the following types of snake is NOT a pit viper?
Answer Water moccasin Rattlesnake Coral snake Copperhead |
Coral snake
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In which of the following ways does the body produce heat in response to being cold?
Answer Excreting more urine Burning fewer calories Shivering Increasing the respiratory rate |
Shivering
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Which of the following increases a scuba diver's risk of decompression sickness?
Answer Taking cold or sinus medications before a dive Airplane travel within several hours after a dive Diving on a full stomach Breathing 100 percent oxygen before a dive |
Airplane travel within several hours after a dive
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When resuscitating a hypothermic patient in cardiac arrest, resuscitation attempts must continue until the patient has:
Answer been ventilated for at least 30 minutes with an oropharyngeal airway in place. developed rigor mortis. been defibrillated a total of nine times. been rewarmed. |
been rewarmed.
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When submerged in water, biological death may be delayed if the water temperature is below ________ °F.
Answer 70 98.6 50 32 |
70
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Of the following venomous snakes, which one usually has the highest incidence of a "dry bite"?
Answer Coral snake Water moccasin Mississauga rattlesnake Copperhead |
Coral snake
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For which of the following reasons are newborns, infants, and the elderly more readily affected by the heat than other age groups?
Answer Faster metabolism Increased body mass Inadequate salt intake Poor ability to regulate body temperature |
Poor ability to regulate body temperature
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Regarding drowning in adults, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Answer Colder water improves survival chances in saltwater drowning but not in freshwater drowning. Water temperature makes no difference in the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning. The colder the water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning. The warmer the water, the better the chances of survival in saltwater drowning. |
The colder the water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning.
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Allowing a patient's body temperature to increase by preventing further heat loss is referred to as which of the following?
Answer Core rewarming Passive rewarming Active rewarming Natural rewarming |
Passive rewarming
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Which of the following describes the condition of having an abnormally high body temperature?
Answer Hyperthermia Septic shock Hyperdynamic state Heat shock |
Hyperthermia
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Which of the following should the EMT do during the treatment of localized cold injury?
Answer Encourage the patient to use the affected part. Rub the affected area with snow. Massage the affected area. Gradually warm the affected area. |
Gradually warm the affected area.
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In which of the following situations would a person lose heat by conduction?
Answer Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game Wearing wet clothing in windy weather Breathing Going outside without a coat during a cold but calm day |
Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game
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Which of the following is caused by trapped nitrogen gas in the tissues due to a rapid ascent from a scuba dive?
Answer "Squeeze" injuries of the ear and sinuses Pulmonary embolism Decompression sickness Nitrogen narcosis |
Decompression sickness
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The term gangrene means tissue:
Answer damage. discoloration. infection. death. |
death
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Localized cold injury occurs due to vasoconstriction and:
Answer chemical imbalance in the tissues. blood clots. ice crystal formation in the tissues. loss of calcium. |
ice crystal formation in the tissues.
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Which of the following procedures should be performed by the EMT during delivery of the placenta?
Answer Apply gentle pressure on the vaginal opening to slow delivery. Apply firm traction on the umbilical cord. Collect placenta in a plastic bag. All of the above |
All of the above
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By definition, a premature infant is one who is born before how many weeks of the pregnancy?
Answer 40 34 28 37 |
37
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Which of the following should the EMT do to control maternal bleeding after delivery of the baby?
Answer Apply direct pressure with a sanitary napkin over any perineal lacerations. Allow the infant to nurse, if possible. Massage the uterus until it is firm and grapefruit-sized. All of the above |
All of the above
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Which of the following is NOT part of a basic obstetrics kit?
Answer Umbilical cord clamps A baby blanket A packet of suture material Surgical scissors |
A packet of suture material
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Which of the following BEST describes the events that occur during the first stage of labor?
Answer Expulsion of the fetus through the birth canal Thinning and dilation of the cervix Rupture of the amniotic sac Expulsion of the placenta |
Thinning and dilation of the cervix
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While treating a pregnant trauma patient, which of the following is the BEST way to keep the fetus alive?
Answer Transport the patient to the closest pediatric center. Treat the patient as any other trauma patient. Do not put the patient on a spine board to prevent supine hypotensive syndrome. None of the above |
Treat the patient as any other trauma patient.
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When delivering a baby, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer suction the mouth first, then the nose. have someone stay at the mother's head if possible. place your fingers in the armpit to assist with delivery of the shoulders. position your gloved hands at the vaginal opening. |
place your fingers in the armpit to assist with delivery of the shoulders.
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Which of the following is NOT advisable following complete birth of the infant?
Answer Keep the infant at the level of the mother's vagina until the cord is clamped and cut. Dry the infant and wrap him in a blanket. Place the infant on his side with his head slightly lower than his body. Hold the infant by the ankles to allow the airway to drain. |
Hold the infant by the ankles to allow the airway to drain.
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Which of the following BEST describes placenta previa?
Answer The pregnancy is lost before the 20th week of gestation. The umbilical cord is the presenting part. The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix. The placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. |
The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix.
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If the baby's umbilical cord is noted to be wrapped around his neck after the head is delivered, which of the following should be done?
Answer Transport emergently without further intervention. Immediately cut the cord before delivering the baby. Clamp the cord in two places but do not cut it until the baby is delivered. Try to slip the cord over the baby's head and shoulder. |
Try to slip the cord over the baby's head and shoulder.
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Which of the following describes the normal appearance of amniotic fluid?
Answer Thick fluid, greenish-black in color A fluid containing blood and mucus Thin fluid, greenish-yellow in color Colorless fluid |
Colorless fluid
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Which of the following is a cause of gynecological emergencies?
Answer Soft-tissue trauma to the external genitalia Sexual assault Disorders of the female reproductive organs All of the above |
All of the above
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What is the temporary organ of pregnancy, which functions to supply the developing fetus with oxygen and nutrients?
Answer Cervix Amnion Placenta Uterus |
Placenta
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Which of the following BEST describes the term crowning?
Answer A discharge of bloody mucus Complete dilation of the cervix The delivery of the head during a breech birth, completing delivery The presenting part of the baby being visible at the vaginal opening |
The presenting part of the baby being visible at the vaginal opening
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You are assessing a newborn patient 1 minute after delivery. You notice the patient has blue extremities with a pink trunk, a pulse of 120, and strong crying with good movement of all extremities. What is the newborn's APGAR score?
Answer 8 10 7 9 |
9
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Which of the following is true concerning trauma in the pregnant woman?
Answer The mother's body will preferentially protect the life of the fetus over that of the mother. She may lose up to 35 percent of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock. The increase in blood volume during pregnancy makes shock an unlikely cause of death. All of the above |
She may lose up to 35 percent of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock.
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Which of the following is indicated in the prehospital management of a prolapsed umbilical cord?
Answer Immediately clamp the cord in two places and cut it between the clamps. Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips. Encourage the mother to push forcefully in order to speed delivery. Use your gloved hand to push the umbilical cord back up through the cervix. |
Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips.
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Which of the following is the correct way to time the frequency of contractions in the pregnant woman?
Answer After counting the number of contractions in a 15-minute period, multiply by 4 From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next From the end of one contraction to the beginning of the next From the beginning of a contraction to the end of the same contraction |
From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next
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Which of the following is a common sign of a pre-delivery emergency?
Answer The amniotic sac ruptures. Contractions become more intense and closer together. The placenta fails to deliver within 20 minutes of the infant's birth. There is profuse vaginal bleeding. |
There is profuse vaginal bleeding.
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Traditionally an APGAR score is taken at what time intervals after birth?
Answer 1 and 5 minutes 5 and 10 minutes 2 and 7 minutes 1 and 6 minutes |
1 and 5 minutes
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When caring for a premature baby, which of the following is appropriate?
Answer Wrapping the infant in a blanket, covering his head, and keeping the infant warm Encouraging family members to hold the infant Deeply suctioning the airway with a rigid tonsil-tip Applying high-concentration oxygen with a neonatal nonrebreather mask |
Wrapping the infant in a blanket, covering his head, and keeping the infant warm
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You have assisted in the delivery by suctioning the mouth and nose following complete delivery. The infant is not yet breathing. Which of the following is the correct sequence of interventions?
Answer Perform a series of back blows and chest thrusts interposed with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, suction the airway with a rigid tonsil tip, and begin CPR. Rub the infant's back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse. Transport without further intervention. |
Rub the infant's back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse.
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Seizures due to complications of pregnancy generally occur during which of the following time periods?
Answer In the second trimester Late in pregnancy In the first trimester Before the mother even knows she is pregnant |
Late in pregnancy
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During which stage of labor is the baby born?
Answer Third Ninth First Second |
Second
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The term for a baby developing inside the mother's womb after week 8 is:
Answer fetus. chorion. infant. neonate. |
fetus
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Which of the following is NOT likely to be a cause of respiratory distress in a 2-year-old child?
Answer Foreign body airway obstruction A cold Emphysema Epiglottitis |
Emphysema
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A bulging fontanelle in a quietly resting child may be an indication of which of the following?
Answer Dehydration Fever Increased intracranial pressure Normal development |
Increased intracranial pressure
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Which of the following is characteristic of preschool-age children?
Answer They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad. They have few fears of anything. They are not especially embarrassed or modest about body exposure. They do not mind being separated from their parents. |
They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad.
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Which of the following is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient?
Answer Hypoglycemia Congenital heart defects Respiratory failure Ventricular fibrillation |
Respiratory failure
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
Answer Circulation Breathing Appearance Abdomen |
Abdomen
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Which of the following is the MOST common cause of seizures in infants and children?
Answer Fever Poisoning Hypoglycemia Hypoxia |
Fever
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock in infants and children?
Answer Heart failure Blood loss Infection Dehydration |
Heart failure
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Your patient is a 3-year-old child who is in severe respiratory distress. She is cyanotic and responds only to painful stimuli. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
Answer Insert an oropharyngeal airway and begin bag-valve-mask ventilations with supplemental oxygen. Begin gentle ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. Suction the airway. Perform abdominal thrusts and finger sweeps; attempt to ventilate. |
Begin gentle ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.
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Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress in an 18-month-old patient?
Answer Heart rate of 60 beats per minute Respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute Wheezing Drowsiness |
Wheezing
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Which of the following is a consideration in airway management in the pediatric patient?
Answer Keeping the nose clear of secretions The need to hyperextend the head to achieve an open airway Using blind finger sweeps to clear a foreign body from the airway All of the above |
Keeping the nose clear of secretions
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Careful assessment and ongoing evaluation of the pediatric patient is critical for which of the following reasons?
Answer Childhood injuries and illnesses as a result of abuse or neglect may be missed if the EMT is not thorough. Signs of significant illness and injury may be subtle and easily overlooked. A sick or injured child who initially appeared stable can deteriorate very rapidly. All of the above |
All of the above
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Your patient is a 6-month-old male who began choking. The child has retractions of his intercostal muscles, is drowsy, and is grayish in color. Which of the following is the BEST intervention for this patient?
Answer Blow-by oxygen at 10 to 15 liters per minute Back slaps and chest thrusts Use of a flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device Abdominal thrusts |
Back slaps and chest thrusts
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You are assessing a 2-year-old child whose mother states she has had a fever for several hours. Which of the following signs is cause for concern?
Answer Grunting at the end of expiration Crying Absence of nasal flaring with inhalation Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute |
Grunting at the end of expiration
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Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death in children?
Answer Infectious disease Poisonings Environmental emergencies Trauma |
Trauma
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n general, a child is considered an adolescent when he reaches the age of ________ years.
Answer 7 9 12 4 |
12
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What is the tendency for a frightened child to act younger than his age?
Answer Retraction Repression Retreat Regression |
Regression
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Which of the following is a concern when dealing with an adolescent patient?
Answer The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries. Adolescents usually lack the sophistication to understand explanations of what you are doing and why. The adolescent patient will generally be more truthful about what happened in front of his parents than in front of his peers. Physiologically, adolescents are very different from adults. |
The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries.
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Which of the following is NOT a normal response of a small child when approached by the EMT?
Answer None of the choices is a normal response. Anxiety Indifference Fear |
Indifference
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Which of the following is true regarding the EMT's approach to the pediatric patient?
Answer An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old. It is not possible to develop an initial impression of the pediatric patient without a detailed physical examination. Scene safety is not an important consideration in the care of pediatric patients. It is not necessary to use Standard Precautions when dealing with pediatric patients. |
An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old.
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Capillary refill should be assessed in which of the following age groups?
Answer 2 years old and younger Younger than 1 year Younger than 6 years Younger than 12 years |
Younger than 6 years
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The anterior fontanelle should be closed between the ages of ________ and ________.
Answer 3 months; 6 months 24 months; 36 months 12 months; 18 months 6 months; 10 months |
12 months; 18 months
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Which of the following is an indication of shock in an infant or small child?
Answer Capillary refill greater than 2 seconds Absence of tears when crying Not producing wet diapers All of the above |
All of the above
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Because infants and small children rely more heavily on the diaphragm for breathing, respiratory distress can be detected by observing which one of the following signs that is not prominent in adults?
Answer Bulging of the intercostal spaces Use of the sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort None of the above |
Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort
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Artificial ventilations for a 5-year-old child should be provided at a rate of ________ per minute.
Answer 28/32 12/20 22/26 24/28 |
12/20
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Which of the following is LEAST common in a child struck by a vehicle?
Answer Abdominal injuries Head injuries Upper-extremity injuries Spinal injuries |
Upper-extremity injuries
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