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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does drainage chemical do? |
1. Lubricates clots 2. rehydrates sludged blood 3. dilates vascular system 4. Adjusts pH |
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What does water softener do? |
Has calcium-sequestering agents Also has salts and surfactants Calcium is in water and clots blood |
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What does accessory chemical do? |
Can increase killing power Great for discolouration |
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What do seating agents do? |
Contain coagulants and have clotting power Also have tanning and cauterizing chemicals Comes in gel or liquid |
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What does hardening compound do? |
Absorbs moisture Goes in diaper and ventral cavity Based with corn meal Highly resistant to putrefactive organisms for 3-4 mths |
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What concerns does heat retention in obesity pose? |
Adipose tissue insulates Longer algor fever (follows somatic death) Increased coagulation Increased m.o. activity Increased rigor Signs of putrefaction hidden by fat |
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Obesity - vessel concerns |
Generally smaller Difficult to access because of depth under surface Might snap if trying to bring to surface |
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Obesity - pale skin concerns |
Will alter cosmetics |
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Obesity - short neck concerns |
In relation to circumference Difficult to access RCC/RIJV Drainage forceps may cause indentation in jowls |
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Obesity - weight |
Extra-vascular resistance Operator safety Need bigger casket? 2 tables for embalming Elevate head to prevent purge |
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Concerns with obese decedent |
Apoplexy- rupture of blood vessels in head Atherosclerosis Varicose veins - thrombus formation or stagnant blood Diabetes Purge - increased risk Edema - sometimes accompanies obesity |
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Apoplexy |
Rupture of blood vessels in the head Common in obese people |
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Treating obese decedents |
Reduce surface pressure Thin fluid Increase % because of increased decomposition or edema Femoral is probably best - big Higher pressure/multi-point/hypo Moderate ROF Pulsator 2 trocar incisions might be necessary |
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Adipose def. |
Minimal vascularity in between muscle and over it Slow to decompose Arterial fluids neutralize enzymes necessary for lipolysis and therefore process slowed more |
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7 types of fluid components |
Surfactant - to reduce liquid tension Perfuming agent Preservatives Disinfectants Modifying agents Anticoagulants Colouring agents
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Purpose of pre-injection |
To remove liquid blood To regulate pH To relax capillaries Easier penetration Will not coagulate proteins Begins slight colour change |
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Purpose of co-injection |
Cloaks HCHO to allow it to penetrate deeper You can use a co after a pre because it continues to modify pH Especially helpful with chemo patients |
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Arterial fluids concentration |
30% = strong or hardening 20-25% = moderate/semi-firming Less than 20 = slight or non-firming Firming might not occur if proteins are gone Max strength is 37% by weight or 40% by volume |
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Cavity fluid stats |
Use undiluted Never use as arterial sub. HCHO with strong odor 8-26% index Contains phenol (bleach) Can be used as a bleach pack |
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Embalming powders stats |
Germicidal, don't absorb physically, fumes Also has fungicidal agents More powerful than hardening compounds Good for mutilation and burns |
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Surface applications stats |
For sores, ulcerations, gangrene, open tissue Preserved, Sears, and disinfects |
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Effects of HCHO (ppm) |
1 ppm - odor detected 1-3 ppm - nose and throat irritation 4-5 ppm - lacrimation (tears) 10-20 ppm - burns nose, and throat, coughing, shortness of breath 50 - serious effects **Vapors are flammable |
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Glyoxal |
In cavity fluids Strains tissue yellow PH 9-10 and therefore limited use |
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Gluteraldehyde |
2 functional aldehyde groups and therefore more reactive Doesn't dehydrate as much as HCHO Not as common and way more expensive, same health concerns |
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Methanol |
In all liquid in prep room Stabilizes HCHO to prevent polymerization Toxic to bacteria, good disinfectant High liquidity and therefore very penetrative, bleaches and dehydrates Alcohol is unacceptable to some religious groups Dominant in green fluids |
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Phenol |
In searing agents and many non AF chemicals Super germicide Assists HcHO Bleaches tissue to grey Consulates may require if casket is shipped out |
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Paraformaldehyde |
85-99% HCHO Mainly in powders |
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Buffer pairs |
Control acid-base of fluid & tissues In DC, AF, CF |
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Inorganic salts |
Determine characteristics of fluids Small enough to pass through cell membrane Soluble in water Antiseptics and preservatives, as a surfactant Helps prevent excessive bleaching and as anti-coagulant Can create osmotic pressure and controls acid-base balance |
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Colouring agent characteristics (4) |
1. Must be comparable to living tissue 2. Must maintain under variable fluid and tissue conditions 3. Not altered by pathological body products 4. Must diffuse and stain evenly |
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Carbon monoxide poisoning |
Anything that uses fossil fuels produces this "Silent killer" 0.1% low-level poisoning causes dizziness, headache, fatigue and nausea Stops oxygen from bonding to RBC, resulting in coma |
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CO2 blood change |
Blood becomes cherry red in colour Coagulation prevented , blood pools to dependent areas Increases hemolysis Methylene blue can help if person still alive but will turn body green if administered before death |
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What are the systemic effects of burns and scalds? |
Bacteria, reduced blood flow, kidney failure |
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First degree burn |
Hyperemia = redness - accumulation of blood in the area |
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Second degree burn |
Hyperemia with blistering; inflammation of the skin |
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Third degree burn |
Destruction of skin and supporting tissues |
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4-6 degree burn |
Muscle and bone start to get destroyed Appendages missing Pugilistic pose |
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General Treatment of burns and scalds |
High HCHO demand due to bacteria exposure Maybe waterless embalming Distribution may be difficult to establish Needs a lot of tint Probable multi-point Need to remove all lose skin Leakage and odour control Sutured incisions may be prone to leakage |
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Treating first degree burns |
Maybe purge (smoke inhalation) Bleaching packs, colour correction, opaque cosmetics |
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Treating second degree burns |
Localized edema, capillary constriction, coagulation of superficial tissue , incise blisters, restricted Thin fluid May consider placing embalming powders in a unionall |
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Treating 3-4th degree burns |
Can only relieve pugilistic pose by cutting tendons Probable odor Do you even have enough to work with? |
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Surface treatment of burns |
Diaper, wig or scarf, gel, hypo Sealed casket or metal liner might help contain chemical/flesh odours Pouch with glue or tape over zipper |
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Delayed disposition |
Bacteria will continue to grow Tissues will harden as moisture leaves 10% distension okay Vaseline inside lips, nose, and tear ducts Storage in refrigeration is best Do not diaper because plastic promotes moisture loss |
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Eye enucleation - reasons for (3) |
To promote vision in another person Anatomical study Practice surgery |
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Eye enucleation - concerns |
Can damage soft tissue and alter contours/wrinkles Bruising can cause distension and permanent stain Family will notice if you do not nail the look Severed blood vessels can leak |
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Eye enucleation - the process (4) |
1. Scarred conjunction is removed 2. 4 rectus muscles are removed 3. Rotate eye partially out of socket to cut optic nerve and oblique muscles 4. Synthetic globe replaces eye and remaining muscles stumps are sewn together |
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Eye enucleation - treatment |
Minimize distension and leakage Don't cause further trauma Massage cream Phenol on cotton at base of eye socket (use syringe) Cauterizing chemical on opthalmic artery for 20 min. Restricted cervicle Avoid restricted/delayed drainage to prevent internal pressures from rising |
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Eye enucleation - shaping eye |
Disinfect and dry orbit Sear vessels shut Incision sealing powder 2 eye caps |
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Eye enucleation - injection |
Inject towards face Decrease volume and increase % to 3 min. LCC 2 psi, pulsator, slow flow, RCC repeat May need to hypo eye if orbital structure is poorly preserved Pretrolium jelly inside lids Delay cosmetics Remove massage cream if shrinkage needed |
