Elizabeth

Front 1

Patronage

Back 1

Ensured loyalty from courtiers. Elizabeth could award titles, land, monopolies and other powerful positions and money-making opportunities in exchange for obedience and support.

Front 2

Court

Back 2

Officials, servants and advisors. The sight of latest trends and fashion

Front 3

Lord Lieutenants

Back 3

Responsible for running particular areas of the country and raising military for the Queen

Front 4

Justice of the peace

Back 4

Responsible for maintaining order and maintaing law.

Front 5

Parliament

Back 5

House of Lords and House of commons. Had influence over tax and responsible for passing laws.

Front 6

Privy Council

Back 6

Responsible for day to day runnings of the country and dealing with policy areas . Led by the Secretary of state. Willi Cecil and Francis Walsingham were two significant figures.

Front 7

Elizabeths problems

Back 7

-Succession

Religion

Mary Queen of Scots

Taxation

Foreign policy

Ireland

Front 8

Marriage (in favour)

Back 8

Create alliance and provide safety

Produce and heir to avoid internal conflict within the country

Front 9

Marriage (against)

Back 9

Loss of authority

Giving birth was risky

Father's marriages

Elizabeth could use prospect of marriage to her advantage when dealing with foreign figures

Front 10

Suitors

Back 10

France Duke of Anjou

King Phillip of Spain

Robert dudely

Front 11

Parliament (lords, Bishop, nobles)

Back 11

Marriage and succession (Elizabeth banned the talking of her marriage in parliament in 1566)

Freedom of speech ( Peter Wentworth was arrested three times for fighting for this)

Mary Queen of Scots ( saw her as a threat to national security)

Religion ( some puritans tried to unsuccessfully introduce new laws)

Crime and Poverty ( MPs unsuccessful in passing paw laws until 1601 when the paw law was passed

Monopolies ( 1571 Robert bell criticised them as unfair. Elizabeth made a speech in 1601 and was very clever)

Front 12

Earl of Essex

Back 12

One of Elizabeths favorites

Rivaled with Robert Cecil and William Cecil

Attacked the Spanish port in cadiz in 1596

Front 13

Essex Rebellion

Back 13

Argued with the Queen and almost drew his sword

Placed under house arrest

Made a true with Irish rebels wich was against the Queens orders

Walked in on the Queen while she was getting changed

Sweet wine monopoly was refused to be renewed

Took privy councillors hostage and marched to London

Was labeled a terrorist by Robert Cecil and him and his remaining supporters were arrested

Sentenced to death in 1601

Front 14

Accomplishment of Golden Age

Back 14

Miniature portraits -

Decorative textiles and silverware - sign of wealth

Exploration - England became a major power in the world

Theatre - affordable new exciting social event that was contemporary and relevant at the time

Buildings - great stately homes like Hardwick Hall

Literature - great playwriting

Education - seen as increasingly important

Science and Technology - more understanding of navigation, astronomy and printing press

Peace power and pride - growing wealth and military

Front 15

Golden age (negatives )

Back 15

Blood sports still popular

Torture and brutal execution still used

Small minority lived in luxury

Life expectancy was short

It's described as a gloriana

Front 16

Reasons for poverty

Back 16

Dissolution of monasteries meant there were was unemployment and no place for the sick

Collapse of cloth trade meant less jobs

Population incenses led to rack renting

Inflation due to bad harvest

The system of enclosure meant fewer farmers needed

Flu outbreak killed many farmers

Front 17

Deserving poor

Back 17

Charities for the poor grew and alm houses established

Front 18

Deserving poor

Back 18

May scammers and confidence tricksters

Front 19

London

Back 19

Bridewell palace used as a shelter for the homeless

Bedlam hospital housed the mentally ill

Conditions very poor in these places

Front 20

York

Back 20

Had beggar licences

Master beggar to oversee

If beggars refused to work they were sent to house of correction

Front 21

Ipswich

Back 21

Licensing system for beggars

Opened a hospital specifically to help old and sick

Youth training Scheme to help children escape poverty

Front 22

Norwich

Back 22

Separated poor into idle and unfortunate

Rich citizens were taxed to pay for the care of vulnerables

Front 23

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 23

Was given permission to explore the new world

Was allowed to colonise land that was not owned by Christians

Front 24

Exploration

Back 24

Defences - better cannons

Technology - triangular lateen sail means faster sailing

Navigation - the astrolabe allowed sailors to judge their position

More accurate compasses

Front 25

Sir John Hawkins

Back 25

Commanded navy against Spanish Armada

Kidnapped west African slaves for use in the slave trade

Susccessful privateer

Brought tobacco to England

Front 26

Voyages (wealth)

Back 26

Trading systems

New products such as silk, spices and porcelain

Middle man cut out of trade with Asia

New companies that dealt with exclusive trade in Turkey and Middle East

East India company in 1600

Front 27

Voyages (territory and power)

Back 27

Naval power increased

Improved weapons and tactics

Colonies increased British empire

Front 28

Puritan beliefs

Back 28

Monarch head of church

Services in English

Priest can marry

Plain churches

Transubstantiation in communion was a representation

Ordinary people can connect to God

Front 29

Catholic beliefs

Back 29

The Pope is head of church

Services in Latin

Priest should not marry

Highly decorated churches

Priest were ordinary people's link to God

Transubstantiation

Front 30

Elizabeth religious settlement

Back 30

Priest were allowed to marry

Services were carried out with the book of common prayer

Declared herself govenor of church

Front 31

The northern rebellion

Back 31

An illegal Catholic mass held in Durham cathedral and 4600 men marched south

Robert dudely raised an army against them and the Duke of Norfolk was imprisoned

Front 32

Counter reformation

Back 32

Attempt by catholics to convert protestants to catholicism

Front 33

Campion

Back 33

Brutally tortured publicly

Front 34

Changes in religious policy

Back 34

Threat from abroad

Jesuit missionaries

Plots

Powerful Catholic families in Northern England

Front 35

Presbyterians

Back 35

Questioned Elizabeths religious settlement and the need for bishops

Front 36

Prophesyings

Back 36

Held popular meetings that criticised the Queen and her religious policies

Front 37

Edmund Grindal

Back 37

Encouraged prophesyings when archbishop but was then suspended

Front 38

John field

Back 38

Strict puritan

Front 39

Elizabeths response to puritanism

Back 39

Unlicensed preaching banned

Recusancy fines

Puritan's could be imprisoned because of new high commission

Hundreds of clergy men imprisoned or dismissed

Crackdown on high profile puritans

Front 40

Decline of Puritan's influence

Back 40

Church of England had finally brought stability to religion

Death of powerful Puritan's in court removed influence

Whitgifts crackdown broke the organisation on puritanism

Front 41

Failure of plots

Back 41

Huge network of spies

Walsingham a spy master

Mary was not trusted due to rumours of her murdering her husband

Lack of popular alternative monarchs

Rebels were tortured and brutally executed

Religious policy kept the majority happy

Skilled politician

Front 42

Conflict between Spain and England

Back 42

Issue of marriage

Papal bull

Religious difference

Actions of sailors

Netherlands

Front 43

Spanish armada

Back 43

Sailed in crescent formation

Dutch coast

Waiting

8 fire ships

Badly damaged ships in battle of gravelines

Great storm blew ships of course

Not enough food water and sick sailors