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140 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Rete ridges are not found in the normal hair bearing skin of horses except for which regions |
Mane and tail base |
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Where else may rete ridges be found |
Glabrous regions (muzzle , MCJ) |
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Rete ridges also found... |
Coronary band |
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What is the function of integrins |
Large family of cell surface adhesive receptors. Important in cell to cell and cell matrix interactions. Each integrin consists of alpha and beta subunit; non covalently associated . |
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Where are melanocytes derived from |
Neural crest |
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How does melanin photo protect |
Quencher of free radicals Absorbs UVL - not particularly efficient |
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Pheomelanin contains more of what than eumelanin? |
Sulphur |
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Which pigment is produced if sulphydryl groups are available ? |
Pheomelanin |
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Alpha MSH is part of a mediator network that modulates cutaneous inflammation and hyperproliferative skin disorders ; T or F |
T |
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What is the mechanism of humoral control of equine sweating ? |
Adrenergic agonists secreted from adrenal medulla Mock q 2020 Stimulus for exercise induced sweating is binding of epinephrine to beta 2 adrenergic receptors on fundic epithelial cells of the adrenal medulla and delivered to sweat glands by blood flow through capillary network that closely invests the sweat gland periphery |
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Which dz cause vesicles in horses |
Autoimmune dz Epidermolysis bullosa Viral inf CADR Photodermatitis Burns (chemical, thermal ) |
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Which dz cause vesicles in horses |
Autoimmune dz Epidermolysis bullosa Viral inf CADR Photodermatitis Burns (chemical, thermal ) |
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Non inflam hair loss affecting mane and tail (DS atlas) |
AA Follicular dysplasia Genetic hypotrichosis Mimosine toxicosis Piedra Seleniosis Trichorrhexis nodosa |
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What lesions are seen with pelodera in the horse |
Areas in close contact with contaminated environment ; papular, pustules , crust, alopecia , scale , limb erythema, ventral thorax , ventral abdo , occasionally flank + neck |
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What is the most common chigger mite |
Eutrombicula afresdugesi ( Danny Scott) |
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What is the most common chigger mite |
Eutrombicula afresdugesi ( Danny Scott) |
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Which poultry mite can affect horses and what is the clinical presentation ? |
Back (Definition) Dermanyssus gallinae- take scrapes from excoriated sites in this CR they couldn’t find them on the horse they did isolate from the poultry in stable though. The mites also live in bird nests therefor if nests are above stable can infest the dorsum causing itchy papular dermatitis . Easily killed by spraying horse with permethrin 2% as in this case report. 🐤 remove the poultry from environment and decontaminate environment - amitraz was used in this case report. Limbs, muzzle , ventrum typically affected |
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Which organisms are isolated most commonly in phaeohyphomycosis lesions in horse |
Alternaria alternaria Bipolaris specifera Cladosporium |
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What causes fluorescence when using a woods lamp |
Tryptophan metabolites produced by the fungus |
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Most common causes of dermatophyte in horse |
T equinum T mentarophytes T verrucosum M gypsum None of these fluoresce therefore woods lamp rarely useful In horse |
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What is palisading crust |
Alternating horizontal rows of orthokeratotic to parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and pus (seen with dermatophilosis and dermatophytosis) |
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Describe one difference between interstitial and diffuse dermatitis |
Interstitial does not obscure normal skin anatomy (DS equine ) |
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Describe one difference between interstitial and diffuse dermatitis |
Interstitial does not obscure normal skin anatomy (DS equine ) |
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What type of tissue reaction is seen with habronemiasis |
Non granulomatous diffuse |
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What are mott cells |
Hyperactive plasma cells which may contain eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Russell bodies) |
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What is a flame figure |
Collagen fibres covered by eosinophilic material |
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What is a flame figure |
Collagen fibres covered by eosinophilic material |
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What class does dermatophilosis belong to |
actinomycete (actinbacterias) - facultative anaerobic |
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Is dermatophilosis gram positive or negative |
Positive |
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Is dermatophilosis gram positive or negative |
Positive |
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Most sensitive method to diagnose it |
PCR |
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What are the most inportant surface adhesion molecules for staph ? D S atlas |
For staph -teichoic acid and protein A; these bind to host surface receptors such as fibronectin and vitronectin |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which staph enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Which MRSA clones are are established internationally |
From VCNA S Weese; ST8 (USA 500 strain in particular) Canadian epidemic MRSA - 5 (CMRSA-5) In Europe the livestock associated ST398 strain has been identified in horses |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Which MRSA clones are are established internationally |
From VCNA S Weese; ST8 (USA 500 strain in particular) Canadian epidemic MRSA - 5 (CMRSA-5) In Europe the livestock associated ST398 strain has been identified in horses |
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Potentiated sulphonamides often used for pyoderma what side effect can be seen |
Colitis - also concern re resistance with this antibiotic (R Marsella atlas ) Most horses require tx for at least 2 weeks |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Which MRSA clones are are established internationally |
From VCNA S Weese; ST8 (USA 500 strain in particular) Canadian epidemic MRSA - 5 (CMRSA-5) In Europe the livestock associated ST398 strain has been identified in horses |
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Potentiated sulphonamides often used for pyoderma what side effect can be seen |
Colitis - also concern re resistance with this antibiotic (R Marsella atlas ) Most horses require tx for at least 2 weeks |
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Which bacteria are most commonly is isolated from Cellulitis |
Gram +ve. Strep and E. coli less commonly |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Which MRSA clones are are established internationally |
From VCNA S Weese; ST8 (USA 500 strain in particular) Canadian epidemic MRSA - 5 (CMRSA-5) In Europe the livestock associated ST398 strain has been identified in horses |
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Potentiated sulphonamides often used for pyoderma what side effect can be seen |
Colitis - also concern re resistance with this antibiotic (R Marsella atlas ) Most horses require tx for at least 2 weeks |
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Which bacteria are most commonly is isolated from Cellulitis |
Gram +ve. Strep and E. coli less commonly |
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Which systemic signs can be seen with cellulitis in the horse |
Fever Lameness Bloods / neutrophilia leukocytosis hyperfibrinogenaemia May get laminitis on the other leg |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Treatment for cellulitis |
Ultrasound to sample fluid pockets IV beta lactam and aminoglycoside |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Which MRSA clones are are established internationally |
From VCNA S Weese; ST8 (USA 500 strain in particular) Canadian epidemic MRSA - 5 (CMRSA-5) In Europe the livestock associated ST398 strain has been identified in horses |
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Potentiated sulphonamides often used for pyoderma what side effect can be seen |
Colitis - also concern re resistance with this antibiotic (R Marsella atlas ) Most horses require tx for at least 2 weeks |
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Which bacteria are most commonly is isolated from Cellulitis |
Gram +ve. Strep and E. coli less commonly |
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Which systemic signs can be seen with cellulitis in the horse |
Fever Lameness Bloods / neutrophilia leukocytosis hyperfibrinogenaemia May get laminitis on the other leg |
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Name two coag -ve bacteria isolated from equine skin and nostrils |
S sciuri S xylosusb |
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Treatment for cellulitis |
Ultrasound to sample fluid pockets IV beta lactam and aminoglycoside |
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What is the cause of equine strangles |
Streptococcus equi equi |
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Name 2 virulence factors for s equi equi |
hyaluronic acid Capsule S equi equi M (SeM) protein which inhibits phagocytosis , complement reposition on the surface of bacteria , and bactericidal mechanisms of neutrophils and macrophages |
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A hypersensitivity reaction to what is associated with purpura haemorrhagica |
Streptococcus |
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What are SeM and SEQ2190 |
Strep equi fibronectin binding proteins EVJ strangles and it’s complications review |
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What’s is purpura haemorrhagica |
An aseptic necrotising vasculitis that can occur in mature horses after repeated natural exposure to infection or after vaccination of horses that have had strangles. Commonly associated with s equi but also s zooepidemicus , R equi and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosi. A type 3 hypersensitivity response . Clinical signs variable mild to life threatening - pitting oedema if head, trunk and distal limbs as well as petechiation and echymoses of mucous membranes. Sometimes antigen antibody complexed s affect other sites eg kidneys. |
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What will a biopsy of this dZ show? |
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis |
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How can you test for this disease |
EVJ review article ; PCR on aspirated from abscesses , nasopharyngeal washes, gutteral pouch washes SeM specific antibody ELISA There is another test in UK which evaluates for 2 surface proteins ; SEQ190 and SeM These tests can not measure the source of the antibody responses if vaccinated
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Tx of strangles ? |
Antibiotics are controversial - pencillin - are EVJ article Supportive treatment Procaine penicillin Apply poultice |
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What can corynebacterium cause in Horse |
Nodular disease |
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Name three anaerobic bacteria isolated from horses infections |
Clostridium Bacteroides Fusobacterium |
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What’s is C. Pseudotuberculosis spread by |
Biting flies Large abscess on chest or thorax |
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What are the virulence factors of C pseudotuberculosis |
Call wall lipid content Exotoxin - especially Phospolipase D |
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What’s is seen clinically |
Single / multiple abscesses |
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How to treat ? |
Penicillin Trimethoprim sulph Erythromycin Rifampin |
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What is myospherulosis? |
Rare granulomatous reaction due to interaction of ointments / endogenous fat with erythrocytes |
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Which enterotoxins can act as superantigens |
Protein A Enterotoxin C |
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Rosanna Marsella atlas - what is the most common dermatophyte in horse |
Trycophyton spp |
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Causes of non follicular pustular disease |
Bacterial eg Dermatophilus Parasitic eg choriotpes Autoimmune eg PF Contact allergy Viral |
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Most common bacteria isolated from staph folliculitus / sup pyoderma |
S aureus Some think s. Hyicus subsp hyicus |
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Which MRSA clones are are established internationally |
From VCNA S Weese; ST8 (USA 500 strain in particular) Canadian epidemic MRSA - 5 (CMRSA-5) In Europe the livestock associated ST398 strain has been identified in horses |
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Potentiated sulphonamides often used for pyoderma what side effect can be seen |
Colitis - also concern re resistance with this antibiotic (R Marsella atlas ) Most horses require tx for at least 2 weeks |
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Which bacteria are most commonly is isolated from Cellulitis |
Gram +ve. Strep and E. coli less commonly |
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Which systemic signs can be seen with cellulitis in the horse |
Fever Lameness Bloods / neutrophilia leukocytosis hyperfibrinogenaemia May get laminitis on the other leg |
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What causes equine eos granulomas |
Trauma - hence seen in saddle region IBH Atopic dermatitis Food allergy Injections ? HyperSensitivity to silicone
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What causes equine eos granulomas |
Trauma - hence seen in saddle region IBH Atopic dermatitis Food allergy Injections ? HyperSensitivity to silicone
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Name an equine nematode that can cause nodular granulomatous posthitis |
Halicephalobus ( normally the brain , spinal cord, kidneys affected ) Penile lesion looks similar to SCC |
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In which condition is xanthoma seen in horses |
PPID |
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Tx for PPID? Side effects ? |
Anorexia Diarrhoea Depression Ataxia Dry mouth Sweating Colic |
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Breed of horse that Gets waardenburg |
American paints |
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Which breed gets lethal white foal syndrome |
Paint |
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Which breed gets lethal white foal syndrome |
Paint |
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Which foal gets lavender foal syndrome |
Arabian of Egyptian breeding |
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In which breed of horse is vitiligo common in |
Arabian |
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Areas affected by vitiligo |
Lips muzzle Eyelids Occasionally anus Vulva Sheath Hooves General body areas |
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Signs caused by ergotism |
7 days after eating contaminated feed Lameness of hind limbs then swelling coronary Bands progressing to fetlocks Feet ears tail may slough |
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Signs caused by ergotism |
7 days after eating contaminated feed Lameness of hind limbs then swelling coronary Bands progressing to fetlocks Feet ears tail may slough |
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What is stachybotryotoxicosis and what do the lesions look like |
Painful necrotic ulcers mouth nasal region lips Large scales , crust and fissures then appear DDx : PV, BP, SLE, vasculitis , CADR |
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Predilection sites for C bovis |
Distal extremities Tail base |
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Predilection sites for C bovis |
Distal extremities Tail base |
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How long can chorioptes live off the host for |
Three weeks up to 10 weeks described |
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