Ecology Exam

Front 1

What is the prey LV equation?

Back 1

x=ax-bxy

Front 2

What is the predator LV equation?

Back 2

y=cy-dxy

Front 3

What is the super predator LV equation?

Back 3

z=fz+gxz

Front 4

What is X?

Back 4

Population of prey

Front 5

What is Y?

Back 5

Population of predator

Front 6

What is A?

Back 6

Natural growth of prey in absence of predation

Front 7

What is C?

Back 7

Natural death rate of predators in absence of prey

Front 8

What is B?

Back 8

Death rate due to predation

Front 9

What is D?

Back 9

Growth rate due to predation

Front 10

What is E?

Back 10

Death rate due to predation by super predator.

Front 11

What is F?

Back 11

Natural death rate of super predator.

Front 12

What is g?

Back 12

Growth rate due to predation (of super predator)

Front 13

What are some prey adaptations?

Back 13

Camouflage, mimicry, speed and keen senses, warning colors

Front 14

What are some predator adaptations?

Back 14

Adaptations to catch and consume prey, keen senses, camouflage, venom.

Front 15

Parasitism

Back 15

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Beneficiary is the parasite, harmed is the host.

Front 16

Mutualism

Back 16

A relationship in which both animals benefit.

Front 17

Amensalism

Back 17

Association between organisms of two different species in which one is inhibited or destroyed and the other is unaffected.

Front 18

Commensalism

Back 18

A relationship in which one benefits and the other is unaffected.

Front 19

Neutralism

Back 19

A relationship in which two species interact but do not affect each other. Describes interactions where the fitness of one species has no affect on the fitness of another.

Front 20

Aves/birds

Back 20

Feathers and wings. Thin, hollow bones. The ability of flight (most of the time). Efficient lungs and air sacs. Four chambered heart. Endotherms. Internal fertilization (the birds ****), external development in egg

Front 21

Reptiles

Back 21

Dry, scaly armor. Lungs for gas exchange, thoracic breathing, negative pressure. Three chambered hearts. Ectotherms. Internal fertilization (they ****), external development in amniotic egg.

Front 22

Amphibians

Back 22

Four legs, moist skin, positive pressure on lungs and diffusion through skin. Three chambered heart, veins from lungs back to heart, ectothermic. External fertilization, external development in aquatic egg. Metamorphosis.

Front 23

Fish

Back 23

Bony and catiliginous. Jaws and paired appendages called fins. Scales. Gills for gas exchange. Single loop circulation. Ectotherms. External fertilization and external development in aquatic eggs.

Front 24

Mollusca

Back 24

Slugs, snails, clams, squid, octopi. Bilaterally symmetrical. Soft bodies protected by hard shells. True coelum. Increases complexity and specialization of internal organs.

Front 25

Arthropoda

Back 25

Spiders, insects, crustaceans. Most successful animal phylum. Bilaterally symmetric. Segmented, with specialized segments allowing for joined appendages. Chitinous exoskeletons.

Front 26

Arachnids

Back 26

8 legs, 2 bodies. Spiders, ticks, scorpions.

Front 27

Crustacean

Back 27

Gills, antennae. Crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp.

Front 28

Insects

Back 28

6 legs, 3 body parts

Front 29

Echinodermata

Back 29

Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers. Radially symmetric adults, spiny exoskeleton, deutrostome.

Front 30

Annelida

Back 30

Chitinous setae. Closed circulatory system. Divided segments into compartments by walls. Nervous system includes a dorsal, bilobed brain and pair of connective nerves that form ventral nerve cord.

Front 31

Porifera

Back 31

Sponges, no distinct tissue or organisms but do have specialized cells. No symmetry. Sessile.

Front 32

Mammals

Back 32

Hair, specialized teeth, lung, diaphragm, negative pressure, four chambered heart, exothermic, internal fertilization and development in uterus. Live birth. Mammary glands.

Front 33

Monotremes

Back 33

Egg laying mammals, lack placenta and true nipples. Platypus and echidna.

Front 34

Marsupials

Back 34

Pouched mammals, offspring feed from nipples in pouch. Short lived placenta. Koala, kangaroo, opossum.

Front 35

Placental

Back 35

Nutrient and waste filter. Shrews, bats, whales.

Front 36

Agnathans

Back 36

Small sucking mouths with rows of gill openings. Boneless mouths adapted for suckling. Lack pectoral fins and paired fins. Live in the deep part of the ocean. May forage, eat worms, or parasatize. Produce slime. Hagfish and lamprey.

Front 37

Chondricyhans

Back 37

Cattiliginous fish. Contains eslasmobranches (sharks, rays, sawfishes) and chimaerids (ratfish). Boneless. Do have teeth and paired fins. May have homocercal tail allowing them to thrust forward.

Front 38

Osteichythes

Back 38

Bony fish. Skeletons made of solid bone. Have operculums covering gills and swim bladders to maintain buoyancy. Two dorsal fins, paired pelvic fins, pair pectoral fins, one anal fin, one causal fin. Finlets help control speed.

Front 39

Oligochaeta

Back 39

Freshwater or terrestrial annelida. Hermpaphroditic. Reproduction by copulation with fertilized eggs laid in a cocoon secreted by clitellum. Direct development.

Front 40

Polychaeta

Back 40

Marine worms. Have chitinous setae. Separate sexes with gametes discharged into the water. Free swimming larvae called trochopores.

Front 41

Cnidarians

Back 41

They have two basic body forms: swimming medusae and sessile polyps, both of which are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration.

Front 42

Anthozoa

Back 42

Only live as polyps, sea anemones and corals.

Front 43

Hydrozoa

Back 43

Earliest to diverse. Hydrozoans live in colonies except for hydras. Siphonophora form colonies showing specialization in individuals integral to group.

Front 44

Scyphozoa

Back 44

Jellyfish. Cup shaped medusae.

Front 45

Cuboza

Back 45

Has chironey fleekeri and sea wasps. Cube shaped. Highly potent toxins. Medusae.