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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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criminology vs criminal justice |
criminology: scientific study of crime and criminal behavior criminal justice: people are arrested, prosecuted, and sentenced. they can be defended or supervised when suspected or charge with criminal offenses. The job is to study how to control them. |
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components of criminal justice system |
agencies, organizations, personnel that are involved in the prevention of, and response to crimes and criminals |
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crime control vs due process models |
crime control -purpose: protect the public through deterring and arresting offenders. -offenders are held responsible. strong presumption of guilt -admin of justice should be swift, certain and efficient -cjs focus on rights of victims -reflects conservative values due process model cjs ensures equal justice for all. -offenders are responsible, but presumed innocence until proven guilty by law -admin of justice must be deliberate, and fair. -cjs focus on rights of criminal defendants; cj decision is discrete. -reflects liberal values
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task environment? why important in the study of cjs |
task environment: cjs does not operate in a vacum, but in a context which includes the cultural, geographic, and community setting. -characteristics of environment will influence the types of crime, and in turn the available decision-making options, or the effectiveness of a justice policies and programs or the potential for a community-based programs. |
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why Constitution Act, 1867 important in the study of Canada cjs? according to this, cjs has what duties? |
1867 CA sets out the division of responsibilities between federal and provincial or territorial governments. -fed govt: criminal code: sets out criminal laws, procedures (prosecution), procedures (admin of justice) -provincial/territorial govt: law enforcement and admin of justice. |
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criminal code? |
fed legislation that sets out criminal laws, procedures (prosecuting fed offences, sentences), procedures (admin of justice) |
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adversarial system: key principles, advantages, disadvantages? |
two opposing sides: prosecution and the defence advantages: 2 premises: (a)-from the materials presented emerge the truth (b)-judge or jury is neutral 3rd party, makes decision solely on evidence disadvantages: -events presented in trial can be distorted -concerns with quality of legal representation for defendants -cjs is passive, and merely reacting but not solving problems. |
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beyond a reasonable doubt? |
use this standard when convict a defendant. the facts should only explain the crime in a logical way. |
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role of discretion, ethics, duty to act fairly in cjs? |
discretion: freedom to choose among different options when confronted with the need to make a decision. ethics: the foundation of knowledge that describes right/wrong or better/worse and applies to issues of harm/care and fairness/reciprocity. |
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ethical issues vs ethical dilemmas? |
ethical issues: broad social questions, concerning govt's social control mechanisms and the impact on those governed ethical dilemmas: the difficult situations in which cj personnel must decide. |
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penal populism? how is it manifested in cjs? |
if penal populism, government policies -used to promote electoral popularity of govt of the day. -pursue political objectives in spite of public opinion -thus, if penal populism's policies, ineffective in ensuring justice and reducing crimes. example: the increase in tough-on-crime legislation and policies. |
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evidence-based practice? |
if evidence-based practices, policies are effective in achieving specified objectives. some characteristics: -based on evidence -focus on all goals in cjs -focus on cost -focus on role of information by community -progressive -quality over quantity |
