Counseling Skills Midterm

Front 1

six common factors across therapies

Back 1

1. therapeutic relationship

2. instillation of hope

3. new learning experiences

4. emotional arousal

5. enhancement of mastery or self-efficacy

6. opportunities for practice

Front 2

three phases of psychotherapeutic recovery process

Back 2

1. clients change rapidly in terms of feeling subjectively better

2. (slower) remediation of symptoms

3. (slowest) rehabilitation of maladaptive behaviors

Front 3

problematic aspects of helping

Back 3

1. can provide just enough relief to enable people to stay in maladaptive relationships (e.g. domestic violence)

2. can create dependency if clients rely too much on helper for support and feel unable to change lives without helper

3. helpers personal issues sometimes place them at risk for encouraging dependency in those they assist

4. helpers impose personal or societal values on their clients

5. when helpers work outside their areas of competence (e.g. substance abuse)

Front 4

when do people seek help?

Back 4

1. person must become aware they are in pain and perceive as problematic

2. pain must be greater than perceived barriers to seeking help

Front 5

three components to successful helping

Back 5

1. helping skills

2. facilitative conditions

3. self-awareness

Front 6

3-stage model

Back 6

1. exploration (client-centered)

2. insight (psychoanalytic)

3. action (behavioral)

Front 7

exploration stage

Back 7

attend nonverbally

encourage clients to explore thoughts & feelings

listen without assumptions

Front 8

insight stage

Back 8

foster awareness

facilitate insight

work on therapeutic relationship

Front 9

action stage

Back 9

explore the idea of changing and then implement action plans

Front 10

facilitative conditions

Back 10

empathy

compassion

collaboration

Front 11

empathy

Back 11

understanding client at a cognitive level (thoughts and expressions) and affective level (feelings)

genuinely caring

non judgement

Front 12

compassion

Back 12

feeling aware of and open to suffering without judgement

goes beyond empathy by allowing self to feel clients pain and suffering and desire to relieve it

loving kidness

Front 13

collaboration

Back 13

guide or coach clients in working through problems

Front 14

five stages of change

Back 14

1. pre contemplation stage

2. contemplation stage

3. preparation stage

4. action stage

5. maintenance stage

Front 15

pre contemplation stage

Back 15

client unaware of the need to change or no desire to change

lack information about their problem

engage in denial and blame others for problem

Front 16

contemplation stage

Back 16

client aware of and accept responsibility for problems

beginning to think about changing but not yet actively decided to change

fear of failure often keeps client stuck in this stage

ponder what it would be like to change

Front 17

preparation stage

Back 17

client has made commitment to change and are preparing to begin the process

Front 18

action stage

Back 18

client actively begins to modify behavior and surroundings

commitment and preparation accomplished in previous stages crucial for success in this stage

Front 19

maintenance stage

Back 19

client has changed and trying to consolidate changes and deal with lapses

often return to earlier stages in the process

Front 20

therapeutic relationship

Back 20

the feelings and attitudes that counseling participants have toward one another, and the manner in which those are expressed

major predictor for outcome of therapy

Front 21

three parts of therapeutic relationship

Back 21

1. real relationship

2. working (therapeutic) alliance

3. transference and countertransference

Front 22

real relationship

Back 22

the genuine connection between helper and client

similar to relationships in everyday life

Front 23

working (therapeutic) alliance

Back 23

focused on the therapeutic work

consists of bond (i.e. connection), agreement on goals, and agreement on tasks

Front 24

transference and countertransference

Back 24

involve distortions based on experiences in previous significant relationships

transference = client distortions of helper

countertransference = helper distortions of client

Front 25

factors influencing client reactions to interventions

Back 25

1. clients needs at the time

2. moderated by the therapeutic relationship

3. impressions of the helper's intentions

Front 26

three area of outcomes

Back 26

1. remoralization: enhancement of well-being

2. remediation: symptomatic relief

3. rehabilitation: reduction of maladaptive behaviors

Front 27

ethics

Back 27

principles and standards that ensure that professionals provide quality services and are respectful of the rights of the people with whom they work

Front 28

six basic ethical principles

Back 28

1. autonomy

2. beneficence

3. nonmaleficence

4. justice

5. fidelity

6. veracity

Front 29

autonomy

Back 29

the right to make choices and take actions provided the results do not adversely affect others

Front 30

beneficence

Back 30

the intent to do good by helping and promoting growth in others

Front 31

nonmaleficence

Back 31

do no harm

Front 32

justice

Back 32

fairness or ensuring equality of opportunities and resources for all people

Front 33

fidelity

Back 33

keeping promises and being trustworthy

Front 34

veracity

Back 34

telling the truth

Front 35

ABCDE strategy for ethical decision making

Back 35

Assessment

Benefit

Consequences and Consultation

Duty and Documentation

Education

Front 36

assessment

Back 36

helper identifies the situation; client's status/resources, helper's values and reaction to the situation

Front 37

benefit

Back 37

helper evaluates what is most likely to benefit the client, the helping relationship, and the client's significant others

Front 38

consequences and consultation

Back 38

what could result from possible actions

consult supervisor

Front 39

duty and documentation

Back 39

helper considers to whom a duty exists

keeping records of what happens (can be subpoenaed)

Front 40

education

Back 40

review what you have learned about appropriate actions to take in dealing with ethical dilemmas