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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which triangle-shaped muscle covers the shoulder, lifts or turns the arm?
bicep deltoid tricep pectoralis |
Deltoid.
The deltoid covers the shoulder. This triangle-shaped muscle lifts the arm or turns it. |
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What is the large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to where it joins with the clavicle?
ribs scapula carpals cervical vertabrae |
Scapula.
The large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle is called the scapula. |
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What part of the muscle applies to the midsection of the muscle, between the two attached sections?
origin belly insertion cardiac |
Belly.
The belly is the term applied to the midsection of the muscle, between the two attached sections. |
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The extensor, which is located mid-forearm on the outside of the arm, performs which action?
lifts the arm turns the palm of the hand straightens the fingers and wrists swings the arms back and forth |
Straightens the fingers and wrists.
The extensor is located mid-forearm, on the outside of the arm. This muscle straightens the fingers and wrists. |
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The peripheral nervous system is composed of:
the pons the brain medulla oblongata sensory and motor nerves |
Sensory and motor nerves.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of sensory and motor nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. |
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The mixed nerve that is responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and is the largest of the cranial nerves is called the:
facial nerve trifacial nerve motor nerve seventh cranial |
Trifacial nerve.
The largest of the cranial nerves, the trifacial nerve is the mixed nerve primarily responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and controlling facial muscle movements. |
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Which two glands make up the integumentary system?
duct and sebaceous ductless and sudoriferous duct and ductless sebaceous and sudoriferous |
Sebaceuous and sudoriferous.
The two primary glands of the integumentary system are the sebaceous and the sudoriferous glands. |
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The spongy bone found between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity is called the:
frontal ethmoid occipital temporal |
Ethmoid.
The ethmoid is the spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity. |
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The two bones of the upper jaw are called:
frontal sphenoid maxillae sternum |
Maxillae.
The maxillae are the two bones of the upper jaw. |
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Most of the cell's activities take place in the:
nucleus cytoplasm protoplasm cell membrane |
Cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm, or production department of the cell, is where most of the cell's activities take place. |
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The long and short thread-like fibers that differentiate nerve cells from other cells are called:
axons neurons dendrites receptors |
Axons.
Nerve cells differ in appearance from other cells due to the long and short thread-like fibers called axons. |
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The brain, spinal cord and spinal and cranial nerves all compose which nervous system?
central peripheral autonomic lymph-vascular |
Central.
The central or cerebrospinal system is composed of the brain, spinal cord and spinal and cranial nerves. |
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The muscle between the brows across the bridge of the nose that draws the brows down is the:
mentalis procerus corrugator orbicularis oculi |
Procerus.
The procerus, located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose, draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose. |
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What is another name for histology?
gross anatomy microscopic anatomy osteology physiology |
Microscopic anatomy.
The study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope is called histology or microscopic anatomy. |
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Which two muscles in the neck and upper back draw the head back, rotate the shoulder blades and control the swinging of the arm?
platysma and risorius temporalis and masseter platysma and sternocleido mastoideus trapezius and latissimus dorsi |
Trapezius and lattissimus dorsi.
The trapezius and latissimus dorsi cover the back of the neck and upper back. These muscles draw the head back, rotate the shoulder blades and control the swinging of the arm. |
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How many times per minute does the normal heart beat?
30-40 60-80 130-140 160-180 |
60-80.
The normal heart beats 60-80 times per munute. |
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Which organ converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to urea?
heart brain liver skin |
Liver.
The liver converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to urea. |
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Muscles produce movement through tightening and:
massaging contracting relaxing dilating |
Relaxing.
Muscles produce movement through contracting (tightening) and expansion (relaxing). |
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The occipitalis muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp:
back forward to the left to the right |
Back.
The occipitalis muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back. |
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What is the body's largest organ and forms a protective layer over the body?
lungs liver intestines skin |
Skin.
The skin, the body's largest organ, forms the external protective layer of the body. |
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Which artery supplies the lower portion of the face, including the mouth and nose?
occipital posterior auricular superficial temporal external maxillary |
External maxillary.
The external maxillary supplies the lower portion of the face, including the mouth and nose. |
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How many groups are the bones of the skull divided into?
two three four five |
Two.
Bones of the skull are divided into two groups: the eight bones of the cranium and the fourteen bones of the facial skeleton. |
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Which of the following is NOT a primary component of the nervous system?
brain muscles nerves spinal cord |
Muscles.
Primary components of the nervous system include the brain, spinal cord and nerves. |
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What is the function of the excretory system?
allow procreation of a living organism break food down to be absorbed by the body allow the body to intake oxygen eliminate solid, liquid and gaseous waste products |
Eliminate solid, liquid and gaseous waste products.
The excretory system eliminates solid, liquid and gaseous waste products from the body. |
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The sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to the body parts is:
blood plasma platelets nutrients |
Blood.
Blood is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all body parts and carrying toxins and waste products to the liver and kidneys to be eliminated. |
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Which of the following is NOT a facial nerve branch?
buccal temporal mandibular medulla oblongata |
Medulla oblongata.
The posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical branches are all facial nerve branches. |
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Which of the following methods is NOT used to stimulate muscles?
massage moist heat electric current sleep |
Sleep.
Massage, electric current, light and heat rays, moist heat, nerve impulses and chemicals are all used to stimulate muscle tissue. |
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This body system controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body is the:
circulatory muscular endocrine lymph-vascular |
Circulatory.
The circulatory or vascular system controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body. |
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What controls all three subsystems of the nervous system?
heart occipital brain spinal cord |
Brain.
The brain controls all three subsystems of the nervous system. |
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Which of the following facial bones is NOT involved in facial massage?
nasal lacrimal vomer maxillae |
The vomer is unaffected by facial massage while the mandible, the maxillae, the nasal, the zygomatic and the lacrimal are involved in facial massage.
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The orbicularis oculi closes the eyelid and circles around the:
nose mouth eyebrow eyesocket |
Eyesocket.
The orbicularis oculi circles the eyesocket and functions to close the eyelid. |
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Which scalp muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull, and raises the eyebrows?
belly striated frontalis epicranium |
Frontalis.
The frontalis muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull. It raises eyebrows or draws the scalp forward. |
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The nervous system is divided into how many subsystems?
2 3 4 5 |
3.
The nervous system is divided into three subsystems: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. |
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All of the following are muscle areas a salon professional is primarily concerned with EXCEPT for the:
neck arms face back |
Back.
The salon professional is primarily concerned with the voluntary muscles of the head, face, neck, arms and hands. |
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About how many total muscles are there in the body?
50 100 300 500 |
500.
There are more than 500 large and small muscles in the body, composing approximately 40% of the body's weight. |
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The muscles that are located in the palm of the hand and cause the thumb to move toward the fingers to make a fist are called:
extensor abductor adductor opponens |
Opponens.
The opponens muscles are located in the palm of the hand and cause the thumb to move toward the fingers, giving the ability to grasp or make a fist. |
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What is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles?
anatomy histology myology osteology |
Myology.
Myology is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles. |
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The muscle that circles the mouth is responsible for contracting, puckering or wrinkling the lips is the:
buccinator zygomaticus oris orbicularis quadratus labii superioris |
Oris orbicularis.
The oris orbicularis circles the mouth and is responsible for contracting, puckering and wrinkling the lips, as in kissing or whistling. |
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Which of the following descriptions is NOT a function of the musclar system?
support for the skeleton contouring of the body circulating lymph throughout the body production of body movements |
Circulating lymph throughout the body.
The functions of the muscular system include support of the skeleton, production of body movements, contouring of the body and involvement in the functions of other body systems. |
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The physical foundation of the body is the:
skeletal system nervous system muscular system reproductive system |
Skeletal system.
The physical foundation of the body is the skeletal system. |
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A group of body structures and/or organs that, together, perform vital functions for the body is referred to as a(n):
tissue organ system cell |
System.
A system is a group of body structures and/or organs that, together, perform one or more vital functions for the body. |
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What is the study of bone called?
anatomy physiology histology osteology |
Osteology.
Osteology is the study of bone. |
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The two bones located on either side of the head and above the ears, are called the:
skull frontal temporal flat bones |
Temporal.
The temporal are the two bones located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal. |
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The bone located on the little finger side of the lower arm is the:
ulna radius thorax cervical vertabrae |
Ulna.
The ulna is the bone located on the little finger side of the lower arm. |
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The tissue type that carries food, waste products and hormones is:
liquid tissue connective tissue nerve tissue muscular tissue |
Liquid tissue.
Liquid tissue carries food, waste products and hormones. |
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The two types of muscle tissues - striated and:
voluntary non-striated cardiac dilator |
Non-striated.
There are two types of muscle tissue: striated and non-striated. |
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What does hemoglobin do?
reacts with oxygen to create red blood cells repels oxygen attracts oxygen changes oxygen into carbon dioxide |
Attracts oxygen.
Hemoglobin attracts oxygen molecules through a process known as oxygenation. |
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Which system regulates and controls the growth, reproduction and health of the body?
nervous system endocrine system circulatory system reproductive system |
Endocrine system.
The endocrine system is composed of a group of specialized ductless glands that regulate and control the growth, reproduction and health of the body. |
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What is the name of the largest bone of the facial skeleton and consists of the lower jaw?
nasal maxillae mandible cranium |
Mandible.
The mandible is the lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton. |
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The study of the functions of the organs and systems of the body is known as:
anatomy physiology biology gross anatomy |
Physiology.
Physiology is the study of the functions the organs and systems perform. |
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The nonmoving portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscles is the:
origin belly insertion cardiac |
Origin.
The origin is the nonmoving (fixed) portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscles. |
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Which type of muscle responds automatically to control various body functions?
striated voluntary non-striated cardiac |
Non-striated.
The involuntary or non-striated muscles respond automatically to control various body functions including the functions of internal organs. |
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Which type of tissue supports, protects and holds the body together?
nerve tissue epithelial tissue connective tissue muscular tissue |
Connective tissue.
Connective tissue supports, protects and holds the body together. |
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The seventh cranial nerve is also known as the:
facial nerve trifacial nerve sensory nerve fifth cranial nerve |
Facial nerve.
The facial nerve is also known as the seventh cranial nerve. |
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The two sub-systems of the circulatory system are the lymph-vascular system and the:
cardiac system lymph system cardiovascular system pericardium system |
Cardiovascular system.
The circulatory system is divided into two sub-systems called the cardiovascular and the lymph-vascular systems. |
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Which structures of the nerve cells receive the messages sent by the nerve terminals?
pons axons dendrites receptors |
Dendrites.
The short fibers that receive the messeges sent by the nerve cells are called dendrites. |
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The study of structures too small to be seen without using a microscope is called:
physiology biology gross anatomy microscopic anatomy |
Microscopic anatomy.
The study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope is called histology or microscopic anatomy. |
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Which organ of the respiratory system expands and contracts automatically to force air into and out of the lungs?
liver kidneys diaphragm esophagus |
Diaphragm.
The diaphragm expands and contracts automatically, forcing air into and out of the lungs. |
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What gets released by the salivary glands to help break down food?
peptide enzymes pharynx salivary glands |
Enzymes.
Rationale:The digestive process begins as soon as food is ingested, when enzymes secreted by the salivary glands start breaking down food. |
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The lower chambers of the heart include the:
left atrium right atrium left and right ventricle flexor |
Left and right ventricle.
The interior of the heart contains four chambers. The lower chambers consist of the right ventricle and the left ventricle. |
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Which system involves the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries?
respiratory cardiovascular digestive muscular |
Cardiovascular.
The cardiovascular or blood-vascular system, which is responsible for the circulation of blood, includes the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. |
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Neurology is the study of the:
nervous system respiratory system digestive system endocrine system |
Nervous system.
The study of the nervous system is called neurology. |
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All of the following bones help make up the chest EXCEPT:
ribs sternum mandible thoracic vertabrae |
Mandible.
The chest, or thorax, is the bony cage composed of the thoracic vertabrae, the sternum and ribs. |
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Which of the following statements is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
allowing body movement protecting the internal organs supporting the body by giving it shape and strength helps circulate blood throughout the body |
Helps circulate blood throughout the body.
The functions of the skeletal system include allowing body movement, protecting the internal organs and supporting the body by giving it shape and strength. |
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If you draw your hand back from touching a hot stove, what is this interaction between sensory and motor nerves called?
reflex action sensory action receptor action trifacial action |
Reflex action.
Reflex action is the interaction of sensory and motor nerves. |
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The fourteen bones that form the digits or fingers are called:
ulna carpals phalanges metacarpals |
Phalanges.
The phalanges are the fourteen bones that form the digits or fingers. |
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Which of the following is true of arteries?
They contain cup-like valves to prevent backflow. They have thicker walls than veins. They carry oxygen-poor blood. They are thin, small vessels |
They have thicker walls than veins.
Arteries are tubular, elastic, thick-walled branching vessels that carry pure blood from the heart through the body. |
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How much does the average human brain weigh?
between 20 and 25 ounces between 32 and 38 ounces between 44 and 48 ounces between 75 and 82 ounces |
Between 44 and 48 ounces.
The average human brain weighs between 44 and 48 ounces. |
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The hyoid bone located in the throat is sometimes referred to as the:
spine ribs thorax Adam's apple |
Adam's apple.
The hyoid bone is the u-shaped bone referred to as the "Adam's apple" located in the throat. |
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What types of nerves are found in the arm and hand?
cranial nerves mixed nerves motor nerves only sensory nerves only |
Mixed nerves.
All four of the primary nerves found in the arm and/or hand are mixed nerves. |
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What is another name for red blood cells?
plasma leukocytes hemoglobin erythrocytes |
Erythrocytes.
Another name for red blood cells is erythrocytes. |
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The study of the organs and systems of the body is called:
anatomy physiology cosmetology biology |
Anatomy.
Anatomy is the study of the organs and systems of the body. |
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Which part of the brain is responsible for mental activity?
pons cerebrum cerebellum spinal cord |
Cerebrum.
The cerebrum, responsible for mental activity, is located in the upper, front portion of the cranium. |
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The part of the brain that controls and coordinates muscle movements is the:
pons cerebrum cerebellum spinal cord |
Cerebellum.
The cerebellum is responsible for the control and coordination of muscle movement. |
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The body system that controls the body's breathing is the:
skeletal system circulatory system respiratory system integumentary system |
Respiratory system.
The respiratory system controls the body's breathing. |
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Which muscle is of primary interest if a salon professional is performing a scalp massage?
cardiac epicranium origin corrugator |
Epicranium.
The scalp or epicranium is of primary interest when performing a scalp massage. |
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Which two bones join to form the bridge of the nose?
nasal maxillae skull zygomatic |
Nasal.
The nasal are the two bones which join to form the bridge of the nose. |
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Which crucial part of the central nervous system is composed of long nerve fibers and originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine?
pons spinal cord dendrite system medulla oblongata |
Spinal cord.
The spinal cord, composed of long nerve fibers, originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine. |
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What is the name of the point where two or more bones are joined together?
joint cranium temporal osteology |
Joint.
A joint is the point at which two or more bones are joined together. |
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The upper chambers of the heart include the:
left and right atrium left ventricle right ventricle extensor |
Left and right atrium.
The interior of the heart contains four chambers. The upper chambers consist of the right atrium and the left atrium. |
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Which of the following structures is NOT an organ?
brain heart eyes feet |
Feet.
Feet are not considered an organ of primary importance. |
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Hair growth, skin conditions and energy levels are all controlled by the:
digestive system excretory system endocrine system circulatory system |
Endocrine system.
The endocrine system directly affects hair growth, skin conditions and energy levels. |
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Which body system sends and receives body messages?
muscular nervous circulatory endocrine |
Nervous.
The nervous system sends and receives the body's messages. |
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The cone-shaped, muscular organ located in the chest cavity is the:
heart artery atrium capillary |
Heart.
The heart, a cone-shaped, muscular organ located in the chest cavity, is normally the size of a closed fist. |
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Which blood cells are responsible for the clotting of blood?
leukocytes thrombocytes erythrocytes plasma |
Thrombocytes.
Blood platelets or thrombocytes are responsible for the clotting of blood. |
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Bone is the hardest structure in the body and is composed of 1/3 organic matter and:
2/3 mineral matter 2/3 hydrogen 2/3 oxygen 2/3 nitrogen |
2/3 mineral matter.
Bone is the hardest structure of the body with a composition that is 2/3 mineral matter and 1/3 organic matter. |
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The humerus extends from the elbow to the:
wrist shoulder top of the neck fingertips |
Shoulder.
The humerus, the largest bone of the upper arm, extends from the elbow to the shoulder. |
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Which nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles?
motor sensory reflex trifacial |
Motor.
Motor or efferent nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles. |
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An adult human has how much blood circulating throughout the body?
4 to 6 pints 4 to 6 quarts 8 to 10 pints 8 to 10 quarts |
8 to 10 pints.
On average, an adult has 8 to 10 pints of blood flowing through the circulatory system. |
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What is the function of white blood cells?
they carry oxygen help clot blood fight bacteria regulate the heart |
Fight bacteria.
White blood cells fight bacteria and other foreign substances and increase in number when infection invades the body. |
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The muscle of the heart is called the:
cardiac striated voluntary non-striated |
Cardiac.
The cardiac muscle is the muscle of the heart itself and is the only muscle of its type in the human body. |
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During which process does the body store water, food and oxygen for times when they are needed by the body?
anabolism catabolism circulation digestion |
Anabolism.
During anabolism, the body stores water, food and oxygen for the times when they are needed by the body. |
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Groups of cells of the same kind make up:
tissues lungs systems organs |
Tissues.
Groups of cells of the same kind make up tissues. |
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Which nervous system is responsible for all involuntary body functions?
central peripheral trifacial autonomic |
Autonomic.
The autonomic system is responsible for all involuntary body functions. |
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Which the following is a problem salon professionals can develop from long periods of standing?
varicose veins tendonitis diabetes heart condition |
Varicose veins.
Varicose veins may be one of the problems experienced by salon professionals, due to long periods of standing. |
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Which arteries supply blood to the head, face and neck?
submental common carotid external carotid internal carotid |
Common carotid.
Blood is supplied to the head, face and neck by the common carotid arteries. |
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These types of vessels take nutrients and oxygen from the arteries to the cells:
capillaries veins varicose veins ventricles |
Capillaries.
Capillaries are small vessels that take nutrients and oxygen from the arteries to the cells and take waste products from the cells to the veins. |
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The muscle that is located under the arm and helps in lifting the arm and in breathing is the:
bicep extensor deltoid serratus anterior |
Serratus anterior.
The serratus anterior is located under the arm. This muscle helps in lifting the arm and in breathing. |
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What part of the cell is known as the control center?
cytoplasm protoplasm nucleus cell membrane |
Nucleus.
The nucleus, or control center, of cell activities. |
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Which phase of metabolism involves breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones?
digestion anabolism catabolism metabolism |
Catabolism.
Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones. |
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The muscle located at the corner of the mouth and draws the mouth up and out as in grinning is called the:
risorius mentalis triangularis platysma |
Risorius.
The risorius located at the corner of the mouth, draws the mouth up and out, as in grinning. |
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Which of the following is NOT a primary type of tissue?
nerve tissue liquid tissue epithelial tissue skeletal tissue |
Skeletal tissue.
Primary types of tissue include epithelial, connective, nerve, muscular and liquid tissue. |
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Which hand muscles separate the fingers?
flexor opponens adductor abductor |
Abductor.
Abductor muscles separate the fingers. |
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What are the basic units of living matter?
cells kidneys bones tissues |
Cells.
Cells are the basic units of living matter (life). |
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The cervical vertabrae are the seven bones that form the top part of the:
chest arm wrist spinal column |
Spinal column.
The cervical vertabrae are the seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column. |
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Which mastication muscle is located above and in front of the ear and opens and closes the jaw?
masseter buccinator temporalis latissimus dorsi |
Temporalis.
The temporalis is located above and in front of the ear and performs both opening and closing the jaw, as in chewing (mastication). |
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What is the name of the skeleton of the head that encloses and protects the brain?
parietal skull cranium mandible |
Skull.
The skull is the skeleton of the head that encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs. |
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The mandibular nerve branch extends to the muscles of the chin and the:
neck cheek lower lip top of the head |
Lower lip.
The mandibular nerve branch extends to the muscles of the chin and lower lip. |
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Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the insertion attachment to the:
belly attachment origin attachment voluntary attachment involuntary attachment |
Origin attachment.
Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the insertion attachment to the origin attachment. |
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The intake of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide by the body are functions of the:
digestive system respiratory system endocrine system reproductive system |
Respiratory system.
The primary functions of the respiratory system are the intake of oxygen to be absorbed by the blood and exhalation of carbon dioxide. |
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The entire process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart is called:
vein circulation local circulation arterial circulation general circulation |
General circulation.
The entire process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart is referred to as systemic or general circulation. |
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Which mouth muscle is located between the jaws and cheek and is responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing?
platysma caninus buccinator zygomaticus |
Buccinator.
The buccinator, located between the jaws and cheek, is responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing. |
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The three basic parts of a cell are the nucleus, cytoplasm and:
tissue protoplasm organs cell membrane |
Cell membrane.
A cell contains three basic parts: the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. |
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The eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist are called:
ribs phalanges carpals metacarpals |
Carpals.
The carpals are the eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus. |
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Which of the following is NOT a mouth muscle?
caninus mentalis trapezius oris orbicularis |
Trapezius.
The trapezius and latissimus dorsi cover the back and upper back. |
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The system that breaks food down to either be easily absorbed by cells or to become waste products is the:
digestive system nervous system excretory system respiratory system |
Digestive system.
The digestive system breaks down food into simpler chemical compounds that can be easily absorbed by cells or eliminated from the body in waste products. |
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What is the main nerve branch consisting of the top 1/3 of the face?
facial maxillary mandibular ophthalmic |
Opthalmic.
The ophthalmic branch is the main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face. |
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Which muscle is located between the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward?
procerus non-striated mentalis corrugator |
Corrugator.
The corrugator located between the eyebrows controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward. |
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The fluid part of the blood, also known as plasma, is what percentage of water?
40 55 75 90 |
90.
Plasma is about 90 % water. |
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The colorless liquid produced as a byproduct when plasma passes nourishment to capillaries and cells is known as:
lymph protein blood blood platelets |
Lymph.
Lymph is a colorless liquid produced as a byproduct in the process through which plasma passes nourishment to capillaries and cells. |
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The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as:
anabolism physiology metabolism catabolism |
Metabolism.
The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as metabolism. |
