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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
syntax
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structure or rules of a programming language
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platform
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refers to the computer hardware and the operating system
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CPU
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central processing unit, executes instructions of a program
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memory unit
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holds the instructions and data of a program while it is executing
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hard disk
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used to store programs and data so that they can be loaded into memory and accessed by the CPU
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keyboard and mouse
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used for input of data
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monitor
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display output of a program
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types of processors or CPUs
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Intel Pentium 4 Processor, Sun Microsystems SPARC, Hewlett-Packard HP-RISC processor, and the IBM PowerPC G5 processor. Don't forget AMD's line of processors.
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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) aka Integer Unit (IU)
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performs basic integer arithmetic and logical operations
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Floating Point Unit (FPU)
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performs floating point arithmetic
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CPU instuctions
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invokes arithmetic and logic operations, move data from one location to another, and change the flow of the program(which instruction to be executed next)
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Instruction Pointer register (aka program counter)
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keeps track of the current instruction being executed
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pipelining (cpu terminolgy)
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allows the CPU to process several instructions at once, so that while one instruction is executing, the process can decode the next instruction, and fetch the next instruction after that.
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500 MHz
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500 million instructions per second
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2 GHZ
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2 billion instructions per second
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byte
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eight binary digits or bits
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bit
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value is 0 or 1
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KB, KBytes, Kilobytes
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1000 bytes
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MB, Mbytes, Megabytes
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1 million bytes
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GB, Gbytes, Gigabytes
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1 billion bytes
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DRAM - main memory RAM
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Dynamic Random Access Memory technology, maintains data only when power is applied to the memory and needs to be refreshed regularly in order to retain data
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L1 and L2 - SRAM
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Static Random Access Memory - needs power but does not need to be refreshed in order to retain data
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boot
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computer begins loading
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Application software
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programs written to perform specific tasks
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Computer network
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connects two or more computers
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LAN, local area network
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connects several computers that are geographically close to one another, often in the same building, and allows them to share resources, such as a printer, a database, or a file system
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clients
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user computers
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server
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one or more helps the clients: supply services to the clients, such as answering database requests
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Internet
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network of networks
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ARPANET
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a 1969 US military research project whose goal was to design a method for computers to communicate
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LAN, local area network
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connects several computers that are geographically close to one another, often in the same building, and allows them to share resources, such as a printer, a database, or a file system
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clients
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user computers
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server
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one or more helps the clients: supply services to the clients, such as answering database requests
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Internet
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network of networks
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ARPANET
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a 1969 US military research project whose goal was to design a method for computers to communicate
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routers
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special computers that find a path through the internet networks from your computer to the correct destination
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IP address
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Internet Protocol address, unique ID, every machine on the internet has it
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static IP address
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dedicated to that machine
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dynamic IP address
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assigned to the computer when it is connected to the internet
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URL
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Uniform Resource Locator
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Domain name resolution servers - DNS
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Domain Name Servers, convert domain names to IP address so that Internet users don't need to know the IP address of web sites they want to visit
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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
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an international group developing standards for Internet access
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URI
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Uniform Resource Identifier - covers future Internet addressing schemes
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Binary Numbers
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expressed in the base 2 system because there are only two values in the system 0 and 1
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base 8
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octal, digits 0-7
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base 16
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hexadecimal, 0-9 A-F
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Unicode Worldwide Character Standard -
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Unicode - Java represents characters with this format
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Unicode Consortium
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consists of computer manufacturers, software vendors, the governments of several nations, and others
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ASCII
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American standard code for information interchange
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