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OSI Model

Open Systems Interconnection Model is the primary architectural model for networks. It was created in the late 70's by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Application Layer


Layer 7 of the OSI Reference Model that is in charge of file, print, message, database and application services.




Provides a user interface.

Presentation Layer


Layer 6 of the OSI Reference Model that is in charge of Data encryption, compression, and translation services.




Presents data and handles processing such as encryption.

Session Layer


Layer 5 of the OSI Reference Model that is in charge of Dialog Control.




Keeps different applications' data separate.

Transport Layer


Layer 4 of the OSI Reference model that is in charge of End-to-End connections.




Provides reliable or unreliable delivery and error correction before retransmit.

Network Layer


Layer 3 of the OSI Reference Model that is in charge of Routing.




Provides logical addressing which routers use for path determination.

Data Link Layer


Layer 2 of the OSI Reference Model that is in charge of Framing.




Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames.




Provides access to media using the MAC address.




Performs error detection but not correction.

Physical Layer


Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model that is in charge of the physical topology.




Moves bits between devices through cables.

LAN


Stands for Local Area Network




A data network that is restricted to a single geographical location and encompasses small areas such as an office building or school.




LAN's purpose is to interconnect workstation computers for sharing of files and resources.

WAN


Stands for Wide Area Network




A network that spans more than one geographic location, often connecting separated LANs.




Slower than LANs and more expensive due to adding routers, dedicated leased lines and implementation is more complicated.