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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Determining the occupancy clasifications of a project should be one of the first steps in researching codes.
True or False? |
True
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If there are two occupancies in the same building and one is smaller than the other, the smaller occupancy is known as an accessory occupancy. True or False?
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False. An smaller occupancy is an accessory only if it is 10% or smaller than the other.
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Instead of being considered a storage occupancy, small storage rooms are alwas treated as part of the predominant occupancy. True or False?
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False. Not always.
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If two occupancies are separated by a non-rated wall they can be considered a separate but mixed occupancy. True or False?
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True.
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Fire resistance rated walls are sometimes required between different occupancy classifications. True or False?
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True.
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The number of occupants receiving care, not the total occupant load, determines if an assisted living facility is considered an institutional occupancy or a Residential occupancy. True or False?
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True.
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The number of children receiving care determines whether a preschool is considered Institutional or Educational. True or False?
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False.
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The size of the space determines if an indoor pool is considered an A-3 or an A-4. True or False?
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False. The determining factor is whether viewer seating is included.
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When designing a restaurant in a jurisdiction that enforces IBC and the Life Safety code, which three occupancy classifications should be considered?
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Assembly, Business, Mercantile.
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The NFPA codes such as the Life Safety Code subdivide the IBC Institutional occupancies into several different categories. Name 2 of them.
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Health Care, Day Care.
(See page 50, fig 2.2) |
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Conditions of building occupants or space that can potentially cause a hazardous situation.
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risk factors
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The codes divide the type of hazardous occupancies into four main categories: fire, explosive, _______________ and ______________.
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physical, health
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Which three items help to determine the occupancy classification or sub-classification of a project?
a) type of hazards, type of activity occurring, and size of building b) size of building, type of wall ratings, type of activity occurring c) type of activity occurring, type of hazards, number of occupants d) size of the building, number of occupants, type of wall ratings |
C. Type of activity, type of hazards, number of occupants.
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Supermarket
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mercantile occupancy
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Refinery
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industrial occupancy
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Gas plant
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hazardous occupancy
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Bank
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business occupancy
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Nursing home
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Institutional occupancy
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Kindergarten
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educational occupancy
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Dormitory
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residential occupancy
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Church
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assembly occupancy
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Freight terminal
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storage occupancy
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The Life Safety Code distinguishes between new and existing occupancies. Which of the following scenarios would NOT create a new occupancy?
a) a company that is reducing the size of its tennant space b) a company that is hiring a number of new employees c) a company that is relocating to another building d) a company that is moving into its new office headquarters e) None of the above |
e. none of the above would create a new occupancy
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In the International Building Code, which of the following occupancy classifications are affected by the number of occupants?
a) assembly and institutional b) educational and residential c) assembly and educational d) residential and institutional |
C. Assembly and educational
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Which of the following building types may NOT always be considered a residential occupancy?
a. monasteries b. halfway houses c. nursing homes d. hotels e. condominiums |
C. Nursing homes. (only residential if the numbers are low enough).
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Which of the following building types would be the least likely to be a mixed occupancy?
a. restaurant b. high-security prison c. high school d. hotel e. mall |
A. restaurant.
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Which of the following occupancy classifications is currently not heavily regulated as a public accomodation by the Americans with Disabilities Act?
a. institutional b. business c. factory d. mercantile |
c. factory
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Which of the following statements about occupancies is NOT true?
a. When an accessory occupancy exists within a primary occupancy, most of the code requirements are based on the primary occupancy. b. The area of an accessory occupancy must be less than 10 percent of the primary occupancy's area. c. To be considered an accessory occupancy, the allowable area within the construction type of a building or space must also be considered. d. all of the above items are true. |
B.
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When there is more than one type of occupancy in the same building, in which case must they meet the requirements of the most stringent occupancy classification?
a. if they are considered separated mixed occupancies b. if they are considered non-separated mixed occupancies c. if they are considered mixed multiple occupancies d. if they are considered separated multiple occupancies e. b and c |
E.
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In some cases, you may decide to increase the occupant load of a space so that it is higher than that determined by the load factor. When you do so, you must also do which of the following?
a. make sure you provide additional exiting as required for the increased number b. make sure all the walls within the building or space are rated. c. typically, get approval from code official for the increased number d. a and c only e. all of the above |
d. A and C only.
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It is important to determine the occupant load of a space because the occupancy load is needed to determine which of the following?
a. the total required exit width for the space b. the maximum number of people allowed in the space c. the number of plumbing fixture required for the space d. a and c only e. all of the above |
e. All of the above
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The use or intended use of a building, floor, or other part of a building.
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Occupancy
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The number of people that is assumed to safely occupy a space or building.
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Occupant Load
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A specific class or category within an occupancy classification.
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Building Type
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Usually gets more specific and can be a sub classification within a building type.
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Use group or Type
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Amount of combustible material present in a building or space that can feed a fire, such as combustible construction materials, paper, books, computers, and furniture.
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Fuel Load
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Dependent upon each other.
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Occupancy Classifications
Occupancy Loads |
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It is necessary to know these 3 things in order to accurately determine an occupancy class.
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• Type of activity
• Expected # of occupants • Whether any unusual hazards or risk factors are present |
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• Gather for political, social, or religious functions, recreation, entertainment, eating, drinking, or awaiting transportation.
• 50 people or more. • Unfamiliarity with the space (lack of awareness = more risk factors. |
Assembly (A)
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• Used for the transaction of business
• Low risk factors • Store rooms, supply rooms, break rooms all part of this occupancy as well. |
Business (B)
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• Educational purposes, used by a specified number of persons at any one time through the 12th grade.
• Vocational schools could be considered the same classification as the vocation being taught. • Colleges and Assemblies not included: see assembly and business occupancies. • Length of stay cannot be longer than 24 hours (otherwise, may be institutional). |
Educational (E)
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• Used for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, processing, or repairing.
• Dangerous materials may require hazardous occupancy. |
Factory (F)
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• Building or part of a building that involves storage, processing, etc. of hazardous materials.
(flammable dust, fibers, liquids, combustible liquids, poisonous gases, explosive agents, corrosive liquids, etc. • Usually due to high degree of of explosive, fire, physical or health hazards.Low, medium, high classifications. • Amount of materials is also important. • If not enough, may not need to be considered this classification. |
Hazardous (H)
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• Occupants need help to evacuate
• Occupants are limited in mobility, immobile, or incapable of mobility due to physical or security restraints. |
Institutional (I)
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• Open to the public.
• Used for the display, sale, or rental of merchandise. • Includes showrooms and sometimes large malls (special occupancy for malls) |
Mercantile (M)
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• Acts as a dwelling
• Provides sleeping accomodations • Occupants are familiar with their surroundings |
Residential (R)
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• Enacted July 26, 1990. Became enforceable in 1992.
• Developed by the DOJ and DOT. |
ADA
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• Employment
• State & local government services, public transport • Public accommodations and commercial facilities • Telecommunications services |
Areas (titles 1, 2, 3, 4) covered by the ADA
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• Religious entities
• 1 and 2-family dwellings • Private clubs • Certain government facilities |
Facilities not required to be compliant with the ADA.
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If a part of a private residence is used for a business and it is usual for clients to come there for business the business part of the residence must meet the requirements of ADA, even though residences are exempt. True or False?
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True.
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Federal Buildings are exempt from the ADA compliance. True or False?
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True. Instead, they must meet ABA compliance (Architectural Barriers Act).
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Guidelines for compliance with the ADA.
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ADAAG. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines.
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ADA Accessibility Guidelines are presented as either _______________ requirements or ______________ requirements.
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scoping, technical
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ADAAG:
Tells how many accessible toilets, water fountains, doors, must be provided. |
Scoping requirements
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ADAAG:
Gives specific requirements or dimensions that must be met for the doors, sinks, millwork, etc... to be accessible. |
Technical requirements
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Continues to research how to provide for accessibility to the disabled.
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The Access Board
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Changes to ADA guidelines are only enforceable when approved by this federal agency.
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DOJ
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• Most stringent level of compliance to ADA law
• Some spaces may not have to meet the ADA guidelines, like areas used by employees. However, if a disabled person is hired, the area used by that employee must be modified. |
NEW construction for ADA compliance
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Minimum requirement for areas accessible to the public:
Everyone must be able to ___________________, _____________, and _____________ each room. |
approach, enter, exit.
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• May require that the path to the primary function area and certain support areas be altered as well to provide a similar level of accessibility.
• If it is proven that the cost of alterations to support areas and the path of travel to them exceeds 20% of the cost of the alteration of the primary function area, may not be required. • Law is in place to prevent building owners from making a series of small alterations to an existing building in order to avoid a more costly accessibility update. |
Alterations to EXISTING buildings for ADA compliance.
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• Allowed 2-yr period for the removal of architectural barriers, when law was passed.
• Building owners are now expected to have evaluated their spaces and removed any barriers. |
ADA compliance EXISTING buildings.
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Current building codes are based on these 18th century collection of Babylonian laws.
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Code of Hammurabi
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BOCA
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Building Officials Code Administrators International.
1 of 3 main code organizations that later became ICC |
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SBCCI
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Southern Building Code Congress International. 1 of 3 man code organizations that later became ICC.
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ICBO
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The International Conference of Building Officials. 1 of 3 main code organizations that later became ICC.
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ICC
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International Code Council
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NFPA
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National Fire Protection Association
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• Organized by the Manual of Style.
• Building Construction and Safety Code |
NFPA 5000
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Used by California (in lieu of International Building Codes IBC).
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CBC (California Building Codes)
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Organized by the Common Code Format.
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IBC International Building Codes
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Gives precise requirements so that you know exactly what needs to be done to meet the code.
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Prescriptive code
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Gives objective, but not specifics about how to achieve code requirements. Allows for more creative design solutions in materials, construction styles, etc. Work with code official EARLY, and document thoroughly in this case.
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performance code
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IFC
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International Fire Code
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UFC
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Uniform Fire Code
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• Also referred to as the NFPA 101.
• Concentrates on problems involving the removal or evacuation of all persons from a building. |
LSC Life Safety Code
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IPC
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International Plumbing Code
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IMC
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International Mechanical Code
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UMC
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Uniform mechanical Code
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NEC
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National Electrical Code
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IEC
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International Electric Code
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IECC
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International Energy Conservation Code
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IRC
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International Residential Code
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IEBC
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International Existing Building Codes
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LEED
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Launched in 2000.
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USBC
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U. S. Green Building Council
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ANSI
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American National Standards Institute
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ASTM
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American Society for Testing Materials
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ASHRAE
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American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers.
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FF
AFF |
Finished Floor
Above Finished Floor |
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Gross Area
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Includes all areas within the exterior walls.
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Net Area
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Consists of gross area... minus common spaces like restrooms and corridors and unoccupied spaces like utility closets.
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Occupant Load Formula
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square feet ÷ load factor (amount of space in that occupancy class required per person)
Sq ft. ÷ load factor = occupancy load |
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Incidental Use Areas
Extra fire and smoke protection are required in these areas by the IBC |
furnace rooms
large storage rooms boiler rooms rooms containing hazardous materials |
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Within a mixed occupancy, the 2nd occupancy is considered _____________________________ if the smaller occupancy is less than ___________ percent of the total area
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an accessory occupancy, 10
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2 or more occupancies in a building or space are relatively the same size, or are larger than 10 % of one another, this is a __________________.
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mixed occupancy
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• Steel
• Iron • Concrete • Masonry |
Non combustible materials
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materials in their natural state, not chemically or specially treated, not covered by noncombustible material
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unprotected
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materials covered by a noncombustible material to obtain a fire-resistant rating.
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protected
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not non-combustible, but has SOME fire resistant quailties
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limited combustible
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Interior Walls
Columns Floor/ceiling systems Vertical shafts |
Building elements
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Elements that ACTUALLY SUPPORT the weight of a building and contents (columns can be both building and structural)
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Structural elements
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Strictest Fire Rating (most fire resistant requirements). In hours.
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Type 1
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Least strict fire rating.
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Type 5
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Mixed construction types: different construction types must be separated from each other by a _________________
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fire wall
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