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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HTN is the most common risk factor for ___ and ___.
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heart attack and stroke (and intracerebral hemorrhage)
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T or F: most patients with HTN is due to essential HTN
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T (not secondary)
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How are you supposed to measure BP in-office?
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1. two readings 5 mins apart
2. sitting in chair 3. confirm elevated reading in contralateral arm |
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Hypokalemia, hyperlipidemia, gout attack and arrhythmias are all side effects of what med?
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thiazide diuretics
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ACE inhibitors:
1. what are SEs? 2. contraindicated in ___ and ____. |
1. cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia
2. pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis |
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What can be taken in patients who cannot tolerate the cough with ACEI-s?
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ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) and DRI (direct renin inhibitors)
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Avoid beta blockers in patients with ___ or ___ (for the tx of ___).
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bronchospasm or depression; HTN
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What med may be preferred in african american patients or those with COPD/asthma for the tx of HTN?
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calcium channel blockers
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What BP signifies a:
1. HTN urgency? 2. HTN emergency? |
1. SBP>220 and DBP>125
2. DBP >130 |
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T or F: in a HTN emergency, you want to decrease the blood pressure to around 140/90
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F (no more than 25% in 1-2 hours then BP towards 160/100 within 2-6 hours)
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For people over 50, which BP reading is more important as a CVD risk factor? SBP or DBP?
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SBP
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T or F: there is no treatment necessary for pre-hypertensive people
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F; lifestyle modification (if they have compelling conditions, also use drugs for those)
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What are normal triglyceride values?
High? |
Normal is <150 (or <1.7)
High is 200-499 (2.26-5.65) over this is very high |
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What are desirable cholesterol levels? High?
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Desirable= <200mg/dL (or <5mmol/dL)
High >= 240 (or 6.2) |
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What are Low HDL levels? High?
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Low= <40 (or <=1)
High= >=60 (or 1.6) but for women >50 is good |
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What are optimal levels for LDL?
High? |
<100 (<2.5)= optimal
high= 160-189 (4.1-4.8) |
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Chronic heart disease risk factors:
1. family history of MI, CHD or sudden death before ___ years of age in father or first degree male relative and ___ years in mother or first degree female relative 2.HTN: SBP>____ or DBP> ____ on 2 separate occasions or person is taking anti-HTN meds 3. Diabetes: FBG > ___ measured on 2 occasions 4. dyslipidemia: TC> ___ HDL< ___ LDL > _____ or on lipid lowering meds 5. Obesity (based on __ and __) |
1. 55; 65
2. 140; 90 3. 110 4. 200; 40; 130 5. BMI and waist circumference |
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T or F: there is a positive correlation between plasma cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease risk AS WELL AS mortality due to CHD
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T
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T or F: if your HDL level is >60, you can REMOVE one risk factor from the total count when performing step 3 of the NCEP risk assessment
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T (negative factor)
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A person without CHD who has 1 risk factor for CHD does/doesn't need to be assessed using the Framingham risk tables for 10-year CHD risk.
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doesn't (need two or more risk factors OTHER THAN LDL because their 10 year risk is less than 10%)
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The non-HDL goal should be calculated for people with ___ greater than 200 mg/dL.
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triglycerides
(should be less than 30 mg/dL above a person's LDL cholesterol goal) |
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What are the five families of viruses responsible for the common cold?
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Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza, Coronavirus, Adenovirus, Influenza
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T or F: sinusitis is mostly seen in children
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F adults
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What is the Tx for sinusitis?
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Antibiotics: Amoxicillin (Augmentin) or a cephalosporin or Ampicillin or SinuNEB nasal spray)
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What's the key sign for mumps?
What's the key sign for measels? With Rubella, what ocular condition can the child be born with if the mother has the infection? |
Swollen parotid gland
Koplik spots (grayblue spots on inside of cheek against red background) and skin rash Salt and pepper fundus |
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What family of viruses do measels, mumps and rubella belong to?
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Paramixovirus
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What is the etiology of Rheumatic fever?
What is the name of the rash assoc with this? What are the other two major symptoms? |
Group A Strep. Pyogenes
erythema marginatum carditis and chorea |
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What's the most common symptom caused by group A strep. pyogenes?
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pharyngitis (strep throat)
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What's the Tx of rheumatic fever?
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Analgesics, ASA/prednisone p.o.
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What is the pathogen called in tuberculosis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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T or F: humans are the only reservoir for tuberculosis
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T
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What test needs to be run in order to Dx someone with active TB?
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sputum smears staining for acid fast bacilli culture
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What are the 4 drugs used for active TB disease?
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1. Rifampin
2. Isoniazide (prevention too) (these first 2 for 9 months...other two are about 2 months) 3. Pyrazinamide 4. Ethambutol |
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What are the signs of the two forms of Leprosy?
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1. tuberculoid: (mild): hypopigmented anesthetic plaques
2. lepromatous (severe): involves skin nodules full of mycobacterium and plaques, loss of eyebrows/lashes |
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What is the Tx for leprosy?
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Dapsone and Rifampin combo then lifetime maintenance of Dapsone
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What is a major cause of blindness in the middle east and third world countries? What fraction of the population does it effect?
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Trachoma; 1/7
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