Clep Information Systems And Computer Applications

Front 1

Some computer and chip manufacturers use the term _____ to refer to the personal computer processor chip that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.

Back 1

microprocessor

Front 2

Input devices vary depending on the application and personal requirements, but all of the following are widely used input devices except the _____.

Back 2

monitor

Front 3

A hard disk, also called a fixed disk, contains one or more inflexible circular platters and provides _____.

Back 3

much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip disk

Front 4

Most monitors support a variety of screen resolutions. Setting a monitor to display a higher resolution uses _____.

Back 4

a greater number of pixels, and thus provides a smoother image

Front 5

Two examples of _____ are cable television lines, which use digital signals, and telephone lines, which sometimes use analog signals.

Back 5

communications channels

Front 6

A(n) _____ is a type of communications device that connects a communications channel, such as a cable television line or a telephone line, to a sending or receiving device such as a computer.

Back 6

modem

Front 7

Fiber-optic cables, which consist of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals, have all of the following advantages over cables that use wire except _____.

Back 7

lower costs and easier installation and modification

Front 8

In a communications system, data and information travel over a communications channel. For best performance, a communications channel's _____.

Back 8

bandwidth should be high and latency low

Front 9

Although human speech uses continuous signals that vary in strength and quality, most computers are _____ and recognize only two discrete states, on and off.

Back 9

digital

Front 10

A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data a computer can process. When 8 bits are grouped together as a unit, they form a _____, which can represent 256 individual characters.

Back 10

byte

Front 11

_____ is a coding scheme implemented in several operating systems and is capable of representing almost all of the world's current written languages, as well as classic and historical languages.

Back 11

Unicode

Front 12

Graphics and audio files exist in a variety of formats. The _____ format compresses audio files to reduce their file sizes.

Back 12

MP3

Front 13

A _____ is a network that covers a large geographical area, such as a country or the world, using a communications channel that combines many types of media.

Back 13

wide area network (WAN)

Front 14

The design of computers, devices, and media in a network, sometimes called the _____, can be categorized as either client/server or peer-to-peer.

Back 14

network architecture

Front 15

On a bus network, a single central cable connects all computers and devices. The risk to a bus network is that _____.

Back 15

the bus itself might become inoperable

Front 16

On a star network, all computers and devices (nodes) attach to a central device that provides a common connection point, called the _____, thus forming a star.

Back 16

hub

Front 17

On a network, the major difference between the server and client computers is that the server ordinarily has _____.

Back 17

more power, more storage space, and is more reliable

Front 18

In a client/server network, a network server is a dedicated server that _____.

Back 18

manages network traffic (activity)

Front 19

In addition to making traditional telephone calls, a Smart Phone allows the user to do all of the following except __________.

Back 19

process more than 135 trillion instructions a second

Front 20

On a peer-to-peer network, which is ideal for very small businesses and home users, each computer _____.

Back 20

a. has equal responsibilities and capabilities
b. stores files on its own storage devices
c. contains both the network operating system and application software
d. can access hardware, data, or information on other computers
e. All of the above

Front 21

The operating system on a computer sometimes is called the platform. A cross-platform application program is one that _____.

Back 21

runs the same on multiple operating systems

Front 22

Some stand-alone operating systems are called _____ because they also work in conjunction with a network operating system.

Back 22

client operating systems

Front 23

Examples of network operating systems, which are designed to support a network, include all of the following except _____.

Back 23

DOS

Front 24

The _____ step of the programming development cycle consists of three major tasks: (1) review the requirements, (2) meet with the systems analysts and users, and (3) identify input, output, processing, and data components.

Back 24

analysis

Front 25

Structured design breaks down a program's original set of requirements into smaller, more manageable sections. In structured design, a section of a program that performs a single function is a _____.

Back 25

module

Front 26

_____, which is a design tool that programmers use to help document a solution algorithm, graphically shows a program's logic.

Back 26

A flowchart

Front 27

_____ language instructions use a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) or a combination of numbers and letters that represent binary digits.

Back 27

Machine

Front 28

Programmers typically use either a compiler or interpreter to translate a program into machine language instructions that a computer can execute. An advantage of an interpreter is that _____.

Back 28

when it finds errors, it displays feedback immediately

Front 29

_____ are complete object-oriented programming (OOP) languages that programmers can use to implement an object-oriented design.

Back 29

C++ and Java

Front 30

To configure devices and troubleshoot network connections, network administrators and other advanced users work with a _____, in which they type commands or press special keys on the keyboard (such as function keys or key combinations) to enter data and instructions.

Back 30

command-line interface

Front 31

Software today often has a _____, in which users interact with menus and visual images, such as icons, buttons, and other objects to issue commands.

Back 31

graphical user interface (GUI)

Front 32

In a graphical user interface (GUI), a(n) _____ is a small image displayed on the computer screen that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object.

Back 32

icon

Front 33

Sometimes a company cannot find software that meets its unique requirements. In this case, the company may develop _____ to perform functions specific to its business or industry.

Back 33

custom software

Front 34

_____ is copyrighted software that is distributed free for a trial period, after which a payment should be sent to the person or company who developed the program.

Back 34

Shareware

Front 35

__________ are the three basic categories of operating systems that exist today.

Back 35

Stand-alone, network, and embedded

Front 36

Data integrity identifies the quality of data. _____ is a computer phrase that means users cannot create correct information from data that is incorrect.

Back 36

Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

Front 37

A database uses a variety of characteristics to define each field. An important consideration is the data type, which _____.

Back 37

specifies the kind of data a field can contain and how the data is used

Front 38

If the lowest monthly fee at a fitness center is $20.25 and the highest is $55.50, a(n) _____ on the data file's Monthly Fee field ensures it is a value between $20.25 and $55.50.

Back 38

range check

Front 39

Most companies use either a file processing system or a database management system. When compared with a file processing system, a database offers all of the following except _____.

Back 39

less data vulnerability

Front 40

More complex data management systems maintain a log, which is a listing of activities that change the database. In the log, a DBMS might place _____.

Back 40

a. copy of a record prior to a change
b. the actual change to a record
c. a copy of a record after a change
d. who made a change, when it was made, and from which computer it was made
e. All of the above

Front 41

An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects, which contain data as well as the actions that read or process the data. Compared with relational databases, object-oriented databases _____.

Back 41

a. can store more types of data
b. access data faster
c. allow programmers to reuse objects
d. store data more efficiently
e. All of the above

Front 42

An example of an application appropriate for an object-oriented database is a hypertext database, which _____.

Back 42

contains text links to other types of documents

Front 43

Document _____ is the process of converting paper documents into electronic form and storing the converted document graphically in a database on a computer.

Back 43

imaging

Front 44

Document imaging reduces the costs associated with storing paper-based documents. Other advantages of document imaging include all of the following except _____.

Back 44

file sizes are small when compared to word processing documents

Front 45

A systems analyst is responsible for designing and developing an information system. During the system development cycle, the systems analyst is the liaison between the _____.

Back 45

users and the IT professionals

Front 46

Most project-planning software can produce a Gantt chart, developed by Henry Gantt, which is a popular _____.

Back 46

bar chart that uses horizontal bars to show project phases or activities

Front 47

Systems analysts frequently reevaluate feasibility during the system development cycle. _____ measures whether the lifetime benefits of a proposed system will be greater than its lifetime costs.

Back 47

Economic feasibility

Front 48

Change to a new information system can take place using one or more conversion strategies. With _____, a user stops using the old system and begins using the new system on a certain date.

Back 48

direct conversion

Front 49

A script kiddie is __________.

Back 49

a person with relatively little technical skill with and knowledge of computers who accesses a computer illegally

Front 50

Transaction processing systems can use either batch processing or real-time (online transaction) processing. In class registration at a local college, batch process would be best used for _____.

Back 50

printing and mailing all student invoices

Front 51

Management information systems, which generate accurate, organized, and timely information for managers, evolved from _____.

Back 51

transaction processing systems

Front 52

A management information system (MIS) can create several types of reports. A(n) _____ identifies data outside of a normal condition.

Back 52

exception report

Front 53

_____ is a measure of how well a computer system, software applications, or information system can grow to meet increasing performance demands.

Back 53

Scalability

Front 54

A _____ is a security system consisting of hardware and/or software that prevents unauthorized access to data, information, and storage media on a network.

Back 54

firewall

Front 55

A _____ is a security system consisting of hardware and/or software that prevents unauthorized access to data, information, and storage media on a network.

Back 55

partition

Front 56

Businesses and home computer users can perform several types of backup. A(n) _____, sometimes called an archival backup, copies all of the files in a computer.

Back 56

full backup

Front 57

A disaster recovery plan describes what will be done to restore computer operations in the event of a disaster. In a disaster recovery plan, the emergency plan specifies _____.

Back 57

the steps to be taken immediately after a disaster strikes

Front 58

Job titles for careers related to _____ include project developer, programmer, software engineer, and computer scientist.

Back 58

the computer software industry

Front 59

Job titles in the system development and programming area of an information technology (IT) department include all of the following except _____.

Back 59

help desk specialist

Front 60

_____, which is a main area in an information technology (IT) department, evaluates and integrates new technologies, administers an organization's data resources, and supports the centralized computer operating system or servers.

Back 60

Operations

Front 61

Besides being trusted with the physical security of a company's property and people, the _____ is trusted with securing computing resources.

Back 61

chief security officer (CSO)

Front 62

Developers follow established guidelines during the entire system development process. System development should follow all of these general guidelines except _____.

Back 62

have different activities

Front 63

Uptime is a measure of _____; critical business systems demand uptime from 99 to 99.99 percent.

Back 63

availability

Front 64

To assist with decision making, and information system should produce information that is accurate, verifiable, timely, organized, accessible, useful, and cost-effective. Timely information _____.

Back 64

has an age suited to its use

Front 65

_____ allows an engineer to modify a design more easily than before, as well as dynamically change the size of some or the entire product and view the design from different angles.

Back 65

CAD

Front 66

Formal manufacturing methods help guide enterprises in their manufacturing process. MRP _____.

Back 66

focuses on issues related to inventory of parts and forecasting future demand

Front 67

Because it enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices instead of manually, some people describe a(n) _____ as office automation.

Back 67

OIS

Front 68

A decision support system (DSS) helps users analyze data and make decisions. Internal sources of data might include _____.

Back 68

sales orders

Front 69

A special type of DSS, called a(n) _____, supports the strategic information needs of the highest management positions in a company.

Back 69

executive information system (EIS)

Front 70

A(n) _____ is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human specialists and then imitates human reasoning and decision making.

Back 70

expert system

Front 71

Expert systems are one aspect of an exciting branch of computer science called _____, which is the application of human intelligence to computers.

Back 71

AI

Front 72

A feature of word processing software called _____ allows users to type words in a paragraph continually without pressing the enter key at the end of each line.

Back 72

wordwrap

Front 73

Instead of performing the same procedure over and over again, users can create and execute a macro, which is a _____.

Back 73

sequence of keystrokes and instructions that a user records and saves

Front 74

To assist with creating documents, word processing software provides templates. A template is a _____.

Back 74

document that contains the formatting necessary for a specific document type

Front 75

_____ a document can involve changing the font, font size, or font style to change the document's appearance.

Back 75

Formatting

Front 76

A spreadsheet file is similar to a notebook with up to 255 related individual worksheets. Each worksheet typically has _____.

Back 76

256 columns and 65,536 rows

Front 77

Using the _____ =SUM(B10:B14) totals the contents of cells B10 through B14 in a worksheet.

Back 77

function

Front 78

A standard spreadsheet feature called _____ depicts data in graphical form, often making it easier for users to see relationships among numbers.

Back 78

charting

Front 79

When using presentation graphics software, a(n) _____ shows an image of a slide along with any additional remarks a presenter wants to see while discussing a topic or slide.

Back 79

notes page

Front 80

_____ was one of the original services on the Internet, and today is a primary communications method for both personal and business users.

Back 80

E-mail

Front 81

An Internet e-mail address is a combination of a user name and a domain name. In an e-mail address, a(n) _____ symbol separates the user name from the domain name.

Back 81

@ (at)

Front 82

According to netiquette (Internet etiquette), e-mail users should avoid sending _____, which is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once.

Back 82

spam

Front 83

According to netiquette (Internet etiquette), use _____, such as :-) or :-( , to express emotion in an e-mail message or newsgroup posting.

Back 83

emoticons

Front 84

Netiquette, which is short for Internet etiquette, includes all of the following rules except _____.

Back 84

use all capital letters

Front 85

_____ is a real-time Internet communications service that notifies users when one or more people are online and then allows them to exchange messages or files.

Back 85

Instant messaging

Front 86

For _____ to work, both parties must be online at the same time and the receiver of a message must be willing to accept messages.

Back 86

instant messaging

Front 87

A Web page has a unique Web address. In a Web address, the _____, is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Web.

Back 87

http, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Front 88

Each link on a Web page corresponds to another Web address. To activate a link on a Web page, a user clicks it, that is, points to the link and then _____.

Back 88

presses the left mouse button

Front 89

A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services. Many portals have a _____, which is a Web site that joins a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships.

Back 89

Web community

Front 90

Seven types of Web sites are new, informational, business/marketing, educational, advocacy, and personal. A business/marketing Web site _____.

Back 90

contains content that promotes or sells products or services

Front 91

An outgoing e-mail server determines how to route sent messages. _____ is a communications technology used by some outgoing mail servers.

Back 91

SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol)

Front 92

_____ is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from a computer to a server on the Internet.

Back 92

Uploading

Front 93

An FTP site is a collection of files that reside on an FTP server. Many FTP sites have _____, whereby anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files.

Back 93

anonymous FTP

Front 94

_____ is a set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among computers both within and among enterprises.

Back 94

EDI (electronic data interchange)

Front 95

To evaluate the value of a Web site, users should consider all of the following criteria except __________.

Back 95

the Internet overseer

Front 96

As technology continues to advance and computers become more a part of daily living, many people believe that _____ is/are vital to success.

Back 96

computer literacy

Front 97

Some companies and individuals collect and use personal information without authorization. To make personal data more private, users should do all of the following except _____.

Back 97

purchase goods with credit cards or checks, rather than cash

Front 98

When users purchase software, a single-user license agreement does not permit users to do any of the following except _____.

Back 98

make one copy of the software as backup

Front 99

Repetitive strain injuries are a major problem in the United States today. To prevent repetitive strain injury, computer users should take all of the following precautions except _____.

Back 99

use the heel of the hand as a pivot point while typing or using the mouse