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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State the characteristics of living organisms. |
Movement Respiration Sensitivity & response to surroundings Homeostasis Growth & development Reproduction Excretion Nutrition |
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Describe the levels of organisation. |
1. Organelles: specialised to perform a particular function within a cell. (e.g. nucleus) 2. Cells: contain organelles. Specialised to carry out a function. 3. Tissue: a collection of cells. Specialised to perform a function. 4. Organs: a collection of tissue. Specialised to perform a particular function. 5. Organ systems: several organs working together to perform a particular function (e.g. the cardiovascular system) |
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List the contents of a cell and their functions. |
1. Nucleus: (plant and animal cells) contain the genetic material/DNA. Control the cell 2. Cell membrane: (plant and animal cells) control the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell. A semi-permeable barrier. 3. Cytoplasm: (plant and animal cells) a solution in which chemical reactions take place. 4. Cell wall: (plant cells) supports the cell. Made of cellulose. 5. Vacuole: (plant cells) contains sap. Supports the cell. 6. Chloroplasts: (plant cells) site of photosynthesis. Contain green pigment chlorophyll. |
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Describe common features shared by plants. |
1. Cell walls made of cellulose 2. Photosynthesise 3. Multi-cellular 4. Store carbohydrates in the form of starch or sucrose examples: maize (cereal), or peas (herbaceous legume) |
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Describe common features shared by animals. |
1. Multi-cellular 2. Have nervous response & coordination 3. Store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen examples: human (mammal), mosquito or housefly (insect) |
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Describe common features shared by fungi. |
1. Some are single-celled, some are multi-cellular 2. Multicellular fungi have a body known as mycelium, which is made of hyphae (tiny thread-like structures) 3. Some can photosynthesise 4. Store carbohydrates as glycogen 5. Most feed by saprotrophic nutrition (they excrete enzymes onto their food and absorb the digested nutrients) 6. Contain cell walls made of chitin examples: yeast (single-celled), mucor (multi-cellular) |
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Describe common features shared by protoctists. |
1. Single-celled and microscopic 2. Some can photosynthesise examples: amoeba (animal cell), chlorella (plant cell) |
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Describe common features shared by bacteria. |
1. Single-celled, microscopic 2. Feed off other organisms, living or dead 3. Don't have a nucleus 4. Circular chromosome of DNA 5. Some can photosynthesise examples: lactobacillus bulgarica, pneumococcus |
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Describe common features shared by viruses. |
1. Particles 2. Can only reproduce inside living cells (parasites) 3. Infect all types of organisms 4. No cellular structure 5. Protein coat surrounded by DNA/RNA examples: tobacco mosaic virus, HIV, influenza virus |
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What is a pathogen? |
An organism that causes disease. pneumococcus : pneumonia plasmodia : malaria influenza virus : flu HIV : AIDS |
