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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Problem with COPD is ? |
Getting air out of the lung/ |
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FVC is what?
What happens to this in COPD? |
the amount of air you can breath out after a maximal inhalation.
In COPD, this decreases |
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FEV1 = ?
What happens to this in COPD? |
amount of air you can breath out with a forced expiration in the first second.
In COPD, this decreases (more than FVC decreases) |
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What is the normal FVC? |
5L |
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What is the normal FEC1? |
4L |
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What is the normal FEV1/FVC?
What happens to this ratio in COPD? |
.8
Since the FEV1 decreases more than the FVC decreases, the ratio also decreases. |
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What is the TLC? |
Total lung capacity. Normal = 7L. Increased in COPD to 8L |
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What is chronic bronchitis? |
Chronic productive cough lasting at least 3 months over a minimum of 2 years. Highly associated with smoking. |
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What type of cells make up the epithelium of the lung? |
pseudostratified cells. |
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Which layer contains the blood vessels? |
lamina propria. Warms the air |
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which layer contains the serous glands and the mucinous glands |
Submucosa
Serous glands humidify the air
Mucinous glands produce mucus to catch pathogens you breathe in
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what is the layer beneath the submucosa? |
cartilage |
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How much space of the width of the wall do the mucinous glands take up (normal vs Chronic Bronchitis)? |
Normally 40%. Chronic bronchitis will be >50% of the bronchial wall (REID INDEX) |
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Increased mucous glands causes? |
increased mucus production going into the lumen - obstructing the airways |
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How will patients with Chronic Bronchitis present? |
Productive cough, cyanosis, increased PaCO2 and decreased PaO2. Increased risk of infection (infection occurs behind the block!) and cor pulmonale (blood vessels in the lung are designed to constrict when the PaO2 decreases so blood is then shunted to other parts of the lung in hopes of oxygenating the blood more efficiently. But if the whole vascular system in the lung constricts, it causes R ventricular hypertrophy due to pulmonary HTN and eventually R heart failure (cor pulmonale)) |
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PAO2 = |
alveolar partial pressure of Oxygen |
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When you have an obstructive disease, what causes a decrease in PaO2? |
Obstruction does not allow CO2 to leave, and does not allow for any O2 to come in, so a decreased PAO2 is decreased. If that is decreased then PaO2 has to decrease as well. |
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What is Emphysema? |
destruction of the alveolar air sacs Loss of elastic recoil and collapse of small air spaces |
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How is Emphysema an obstructive disease? |
Its a physiologic obstruction. Instead of a million tiny balloons you have an inelastic shopping bag that doesn't spring down on exhalation to get air out. |
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how do bronchioles stay open normally? what happens in emphysema? |
Air sacs have elastic recoil which pulls open the walls of the bronchiole and keep it open
When the walls are destroyed the elastic recoil is gone so when air flows through it it collapses This leads to air trapping. |
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Why do patients get emphysema? |
Imbalance between proteases and antiproteases. |
