Chem 112 Lab Final Experiment 17

Front 1

what metal cations were explored (5)

Back 1

Cu2+
Ni2+
Fe3+
Co2+
Zn2+

Front 2

paper chromatography was used to investigate the mobility of the metal cations as a function of

Back 2

acidity

Front 3

what industries rely on the processing of metals (4)

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producing building materials, custom chemicals, fertilizers, and electronic equipment

Front 4

the result of industries' reliance on metals?

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high concentrations of pollutant metals

Front 5

metals and metal-containing compounds are not biodegradable and therefore

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accumulate in soils

Front 6

most pollutant metal originates as

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airborne materials

Front 7

with the exception of ______, which has a high vapor pressure, heavy metals are not particularly toxic in their elemental form

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mercury

Front 8

metals can be harmful to plants an animals in

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the cationic state

Front 9

when introduced into an organism, foreign metals such as (3) may displace essential cations from their binding sites or find an unintended binding site within a biomolecule

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Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+

Front 10

what largely determines the bioavailablility of a metal

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local soil conditions

Front 11

a metal may precipitate or become mobile depending on (3)

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pH
presence of other ions
organic matter

Front 12

_____ metals can work their way into drinking water and up the food chain

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labile

Front 13

bioavailable metals are

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mobile

Front 14

compounds containing ________ are often brightly colored

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first row transition metals

Front 15

________ exhibits a wide range of colors in both solids and solution

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chromium

Front 16

the colors exhibited by the transition metal compounds are a result of

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their electronic structure

Front 17

what is directly related to the observed colors

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the arrangement or splitting of the five 3d atomic orbitals

Front 18

what determines electronic structuer

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the local environment of a transition metal in a compound

Front 19

transition metal cations tend to form coordination complexes in which the metal is bonded to molecules or ions called

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ligands

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ligands are lewis bases, molecules, or ions that are capable of

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donating a lone pair of electrons to a metal cation

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transition metal complexes may be

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neutral or carry a charge

Front 22

coordination number

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the number of ligands surrounding a particular metal center

Front 23

most common coordination numbers

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6 and 4

Front 24

a coordination number of 6 yeilds

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ocatahedral giomentry

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a coordination number of 4 yields

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tetrahedral or square planar geometry

Front 26

a single transition metal cation may adopt

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several different geometries in solution

Front 27

what two factors can effect electronic structure and color

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coordination geometry

identity of ligand

Front 28

for first row transition metal complexes, the highest occupied molecular orbitals are those of the

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3d orbitals on the central metal cation

Front 29

the d orbitals in a free metal ion are all

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degenerate (have the same energy)

Front 30

the d orbitals of a metal in a complex are

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split according to the coordination geometry

Front 31

what is responsible for the observed splitting of d orbitals

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the interaction of electrons in ligand orbitals with those in the d orbitals on the transition metal

Front 32

the size of the energy gap between the two highest energy sets of d orbitals (delta) is determined by

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the type of ligands surrounding the transition metal

Front 33

the size of delta for an octahedral complex is usually ____ than the deltas of tetrahedral complexes

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larger

Front 34

ligands like CN- which produce large deltas are known as

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strong field ligands

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smaller deltas are characteristic of

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weak field ligands ilke I-

Front 36

relative ligand field strengths can be preducted by looking at a

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spectrochemical series

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delta increases with increasing

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oxidatino state

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the complex will appear colored if delta lies within

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the visible range

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red

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620 nm-750 nm

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orange

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590 nm-620 nm

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yellow

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570 nm-590 nm

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green

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495 nm-570 nm

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blue

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450 nm-495 nm

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violet

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380 nm-450 nm

Front 45

the color associated w/ many transition metal complexes is due to

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d to d electronic transitions