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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? |
Cranial nerve I; olfactory nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to see? |
II; the optic nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to move and blink your eyes? |
III; the oculomotor nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to move your eyes up and down or back-and-forth? |
IV; the trochlear nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to feel sensations in your face and cheeks, taste, and Jaw movements? |
IV; the trigeminal nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to move your eyes? |
VI; the abducens nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for facial expressions and sense of taste? |
VII; the facial nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for sense of hearing and balance? |
VIII; the auditory/vestibular nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to taste and swallow? |
IX; the glossopharyngeal nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for digestion and heart rate? |
X; the vagus nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for shoulder and neck muscle movement? |
XI; the accessory nerve |
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What cranial nerve is responsible for the ability to move your tongue? |
XII; hypoglossal nerve |
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What is a normal blood urea nitrogen range? |
7-20 |
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What is a normal CO2 range? |
20-29 |
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What is a normal creatinine range? |
.8-1.4 |
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What is a normal glucose range? |
64-128 |
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What is a normal chloride range? |
101-111 |
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What is a normal potassium range? |
3.7-5.2 |
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What is the normal range for sodium? |
135-144 |
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What is the normal blood pressure level? |
Less than 120/80 |
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What is a normal cholesterol level? |
Less than 200mg/dl |
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What are statins? |
A class of lipid lowering medication’s that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease |
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How do statins work? |
Reduce the amount of cholesterol made by the liver and help the liver Remove cholesterol that is already in the blood. |
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What is a therapeutic range for lithium? |
0.8-1.2; correlates with efficacy and toxicity |
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What is a therapeutic range for carbamazepine? |
8-12; correlates with toxicity only |
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What is a therapeutic range for valproate? |
80-120; correlates with efficacy and toxicity |
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How long does alcohol stay in the system? |
12 hours |
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How long does heroin stay in your system? |
36 to 72 hours |
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How long does PCP stay in the system? |
48 hours |
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How long does marijuana stay in the system? |
Eight days |
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How long does cocaine stay in your system? |
Eight hours |
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What is the lab test that detects alcohol abuse? |
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) |
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What is gamma-glutamyltransferase? |
Glycoenzyme found in endothelial cell membranes of various organs; mediates peptide transport, and glutathione metabolism |
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How many half-lives does it generally take until a drug is gone from the system? |
Four |
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What is category a regarding psychotropic medication risk during pregnancy? |
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters) |
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What is category B regarding psychotropic medication’s during pregnancy? |
Animal reproduction studies have failed demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women |
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What is category C regarding psychotropic medication during pregnancy? |
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits me warrant use of the drug in pregnant women, despite potential risks |
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What is category D regarding psychotropic medication used during pregnancy? |
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women, despite potential risks |
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What is category X regarding psychotropic medication use during pregnancy? |
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience and the risks involved and use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits |
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What is Ebstein’s anomaly? |
A rare, congenital heart defect in which the tricuspid valve is incorrectly formed, and positioned lower than usual in the heart |
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How do CYP enzymes impact, metabolism, and clearance of various drugs? |
Changes in CYP enzyme activity |
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What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome? |
A rare serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes; flu like symptoms appear first, a painful rash that spreads and blisters follows |
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What is serotonin syndrome? |
Too much serotonin causes signs and symptoms that can range from mild (shivering and diarrhea) to severe (muscle rigidity, fever, and seizures.) |
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What is Neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
A life-threatening neurological disorder, most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs |
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How do you differentiate between serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
NMS is characterized by lead pipe rigidity, while serotonin syndrome is characterized by hyperreflexia and clonus (muscular spasm involving repeated often rhythmic contractions) |
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What are the CYP 450 enzymes? |
A super family of enzymes containing heme (the precursor to hemoglobin, which is necessary to bind oxygen in the blood stream ) as a cofactor that functions as monooxygenaces |
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What are CYP enzymes responsible for? |
For clearance of various compounds, as well as hormone synthesis and breakdown |
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Where are CYP enzymes found? |
In membrane associated proteins located either in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, or in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells |
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How do CYP enzymes impact drug metabolism? |
Involved in about 75% of the total metabolism of drugs |
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How do CYP enzymes impact drugs? |
Most drugs undergo deactivation by CYP’s, either directly or by facilitated excretion from the body. Also, many substances are bio activated by CYP’s to form their active compounds. |
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What is the definition of a drug inhibitor? |
A substance that blocks the action of an enzyme |
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What is a drug inducer? |
An agent that can increase the rate of another drugs metabolism by as much as 2 to 3 for the develops over a period of a week |
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What is an action potential? |
occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell location rapidly rises and falls |
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What is the definition of schedule one psychotropic drugs? |
Drugs with no currently accepted medical use, and a high potential for abuse |
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What is the definition of schedule two drugs? |
drugs with a high potential for abuse with use, potentially leading to severe, psychological or physical dependence |
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What are schedule three drugs? |
Drugs, with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence; abuse, potential is less than schedule one and schedule two but more than schedule four |
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What is the definition of a schedule IV drug? |
Drugs, with low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence |
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What is the definition of schedule five drugs? |
Drugs with lower potential for abuse than schedule four and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics |
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What is the biggest concern with first-generation antipsychotics in terms of side effects? |
Extrapyramidal side effects |
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What is the biggest concern regarding second-generation antipsychotics in terms of side effects? |
Weight gain |
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What domain do prescribing psychologists fall in? |
Mid-level practitioners |
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What are hypothyroidism levels? |
Hashimoto’s; T3 decreased, T4 decreased, TSH increased |
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What is primary hyperthyroidism? |
an enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands which causes overproduction of parathyroid hormone. |
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What are the thyroid levels for primary hyperthyroidism? |
Normal T3 and T4, decreased TSH |
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What is primary hypothyroidism? |
Low levels of blood thyroid hormone due to destruction of the thyroid gland |
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What are the ranges for primary hypothyroidism? |
Normal T3 and T4, elevated TSH |
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What is hyperthyroidism? |
Graves’ disease; the overproduction of thyroxine |
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What are the thyroid levels in hyperthyroidism? |
T3 and T4 are elevated, TSH is decreased |
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How are thyroid hormones impacted by an abnormal pituitary? |
They produce too much thyroid, stimulating hormone (TSH), elevated T3 and T4, which causes the thyroid gland to enlarge and produce thyroid hormone in excess leading to an overactive thyroid. |
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How do steroids impact the thyroid? |
reduction of TVG with consequent reduction of total T3 and T4. |
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What is hypoparathyroid disorder? |
Occurs when the parathyroid glands do not produce enough of the parathyroid hormone |
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What is hyperparathyroid disorder? |
When your parathyroid glands create high amounts of parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream |
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What is Addison’s disease? |
A disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones |
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What is Cushing’s disease? |
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time |
