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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
latency
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freud: children are a sexual emotions drives are quiet and unconscious sexual conflict arise. Cognitive skills sexual energy channeled into social interactions.
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self concept
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contains ideas about self that include intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, and ethnic background.
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industry vs. inferiority
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Erikson: characterized by tension between productivity and incompetence. Self pride doesn't depend on just how we view ourselves but on how others see us also. |
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social comparison
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compares self to others no more Santa Claus materialism increases |
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effortful control
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ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort not just simply through natural inclination. reduced by unrealistically high or low self esteem |
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resiliance
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capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress
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important components
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resilience is dynamic resilience is positive adaptation to stress adversity must be significant |
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dominant ideas about resilience 1965-present |
change overtime, no ones thoughts stay the same about the concept.
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cumulative stress
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accumulated stress over time, including minor ones are more devastating than isolated major ones
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repeated stress
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makes resilience difficult more devastating than isolated stress Includes: frequent moves, changes in caregivers, disruption of schooling |
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coping
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coping measures can reduces the impact of repeated stress |
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shared and non-shared environments
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influence of non-shared: friends or school (increases) |
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changes in family
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affects everyone in the family differently, depending on age and/ or gender. -- most parents react or respond to each child differently. |
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family structure
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legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and others.
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family function
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way a family works to meet the needs
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Function of two-parent families
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Adoptive and foster two-parent families - typically function well; often better than average nuclear families(varies in ability to meet child's needs) Stepparent Families -some function well; + relationships better when having under 2 children; difficult w/ teenagers |
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Function of other two-parent families
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Same-sex couple families - generally children develop well - limited long term studies Skipped-generation families -generally lower income, more health problems, less stability |
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Function of other single-parent families
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-structure functions less well -lower income and stability -stress from multiple roles - benefit from community support |
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Divorce: Three Facts
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1. U.S. leads world in rates of divorce and remarriage 2. Average; children fare best, emotionally and academically, w/ married parents 3. Average; divorce impairs child's academic achievement and psychosocial development for years, even decades. |
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Family Trouble
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- Low income or poverty - High conflict |
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poverty: family stress model
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effects of poverty are cumulative; low SES is damaging in middle childhood.
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popular and unpopular children
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popular - kind, trustworthy, cooperative - athletic, cool, dominant, arrogant, aggressive(5th grade) unpopular - neglected - aggressive-rejected - withdrawn-rejected |
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Kohlberg's levels of moral thought
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- Preconventional moral reasoning: Emphasizes rewards and punishments - Conventional: Emphasizes social rules Postconventional: Emphasizes moral principles |
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criticism of Kohlberg
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pros - Child use of intellectual abilities to justify moral actions was correct cons - culture and gender ignored - family not included - differences between child and adult morality not addressed |
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what children value
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prosocial values - caring for close family members - cooperative w/ other children - not hurting anyone intentionally Adult vs. Peer values - protect your families - don't tell adults what is happening - don't be too different from your peers |
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Developing Moral Values
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Throughout middle childhood - moral judgment becomes more comprehensive, take into account psychological and physical harms, intentions and consequences Current Research Suggests - let children talk out their moral issues - conversations help child think more deeply about moral values |