Chapter Two Test Vocab

Front 1

Alliteration

Back 1

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence

Front 2

Allusion

Back 2

Brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art

Front 3

Anaphora

Back 3

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or words

Front 4

Annotation

Back 4

Explanatory or critical notes added to a text

Front 5

Antimetabole

Back 5

Repetition of words in reverse order

Front 6

Antithesis

Back 6

Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in balanced or parallel construction

Front 7

Archaic Diction

Back 7

Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words

Front 8

Asyndeton

Back 8

Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words

Front 9

Colloquialism

Back 9

An informal or conversational use of language

Front 10

Cumulative Sentence

Back 10

Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds and adds on

Front 11

Dialectical Journal

Back 11

A double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column

Front 12

Diction

Back 12

word choice

Front 13

Graphic Organizer

Back 13

Dividing the text in order to analyze it

Front 14

Hortative Sentence

Back 14

Sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action

Front 15

Hyperbole

Back 15

Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis

Front 16

Imperative Sentence

Back 16

Sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat

Front 17

Inversion

Back 17

Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb object order)

Front 18

Metaphor

Back 18

Figure of speech that says one thing is another in order to explain by comparison

Front 19

Metonymy

Back 19

Using a single feature to represent the whole

Front 20

Oxymoron

Back 20

Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another

Front 21

Parallelism

Back 21

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

Front 22

Periodic Sentence

Back 22

Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end

Front 23

Scheme

Back 23

A pattern of words or sentence construction used for the rhetorical effect

Front 24

Style

Back 24

The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech

Front 25

Syntax

Back 25

Sentence Structure

Front 26

Trope

Back 26

Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech

Front 27

Example: Let us go forth to lead the land we love

Back 27

Alliteration

Front 28

Examples:
a. Let both sides unite to geed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah
b. “Christy didn’t like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities”

Back 28

Allusion

Front 29

Examples:
a. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any for to assure the survival and the success of liberty
b. “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight…”

Back 29

Anaphora

Front 30

Example:
Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country

Back 30

Antimetabole

Front 31

Example:
We shall support any friend, oppose any foe

Back 31

Antithesis and/or Asyndeton

Front 32

Examples:
a. Beliefs for which our forebears fought
b. Bitter Foe – enemy
c. Asunder – apart

Back 32

Archaic Diction

Front 33

Example:
But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course – both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war

Back 33

Cumulative Sentence

Front 34

Example:
a. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.

Back 34

Imperative Sentence

Front 35

Example:
a. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do.

Back 35

Inversion

Front 36

Example:
a. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion

Back 36

Metaphor

Front 37

Example:

a. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.

Back 37

Metonymy

Front 38

Example:
a. But this peaceful revolution.

Back 38

Oxymoron

Front 39

Example:
a. Let both sides explore…Let both sides, for the first time, formicate serious and precise proposals…Let both sides seek to invoke…Let both sides unite to heed.

Back 39

Parallelism

Front 40

Example:
a. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support.

Back 40

Periodic Sentence

Front 41

Analogy

Back 41

a comparison between two differest things in order to highlight some point of similarity

Front 42

a. “Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence."

Back 42

Analogy

Front 43

Assonance

Back 43

repetition of the same sound in words close to each other

Front 44

Thy kingdom come, thy will be done

Back 44

Assonance

Front 45

Anadiplosis

Back 45

("doubling back") the rhetorical repetition of one or several words; specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next

Front 46

Anastrophe

Back 46

transposition of normal word order; most often found in Latin in the case of prepositions and the words they control. A form of hyperbaton

Front 47

a. The helmsman steered; the ship moved on; yet never a breeze up blew. Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Back 47

Anastrophe

Front 48

Chiasmus

Back 48

two corresponding pairs arranged not in parallels (a-b-a-b) but in inverted order (a-b-b-a); from shape of the Greek letter chi (X)

Front 49

Examples:
a. *Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. MacArthur
b. *Renown'd for conquest, and in council skill'd. Addison et pacis ornamenta et subsidia belli. Cicero, Pro lege Manilia

Back 49

Chiasmus

Front 50

Climax

Back 50

arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of ascending power. Often the last emphatic word in one phrase or clause is repeated as the first emphatic word of the next.

Front 51

a. *One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Tennyson, Ulysses

Back 51

Climax

Front 52

Irony

Back 52

expression of something which is contrary to the intended meaning; the words say one thing but mean another.

Front 53

a. *Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honourable man. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar

Back 53

Irony

Front 54

Litotes

Back 54

understatement, for intensification, by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed. (Sometimes used synonymously with meiosis.)

Front 55

Examples:
a. *A few unannounced quizzes are not inconceivable.
b. *War is not healthy for children and other living things.

Back 55

Litotes

Front 56

Onomatopeia

Back 56

use of words to imitate natural sounds; accommodation of sound to sense.

Front 57

Paradox

Back 57

an assertion seemingly opposed to common sense, but that may yet have some truth in it.

Front 58

Example:
What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young. George Bernard Shaw

Back 58

Paradox

Front 59

Personification

Back 59

Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or idea

Front 60

Examples:
a. "In Torquemada's time, there was at least a system that could, to some extent, make righteousness and peace kiss each other. Now, they do not even bow." –G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy
b. "Once again, the heart of America is heavy. The spirit of America weeps for a tragedy that denies the very meaning of our land." –Lyndon Baines Johnson

Back 60

Personification

Front 61

Example:
a. *I said, "Who killed him?" and he said, "I don't know who killed him but he's dead all right," and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat where I had her inside Mango Bay and she was all right only she was full of water. Hemingway, After the Storm

Back 61

Polysyndeton

Front 62

Polysyndeton

Back 62

the repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinate words, phrases, or clauses

Front 63

Pun

Back 63

A play on words, either on different senses of the same word or on the similar sense or sound of different words.

Front 64

Examples:
a. A vulture boards a plane, carrying two dead possums. The attendant looks at him and says, "I'm sorry, sir, only one carrion allowed per passenger."
b. “What food these morsels be! “

Back 64

Pun

Front 65

Simile

Back 65

figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things

Front 66

Examples:
a. "A Republic whose history, like the path of the just, is as the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day." –William Jennings Bryan
a. "I've had some long nights in the stir. Alone in the dark with nothing but your thoughts, time can draw out like a blade. That was the longest night

Back 66

Simile

Front 67

Synecdoche

Back 67

understanding one thing with another; the use of a part for the whole, or the whole for the part (A form of metonymy)

Front 68

Examples:
a. *Give us this day our daily bread. Matthew 6
b. *I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.
T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

Back 68

Synecdoche

Front 69

Zeugma

Back 69

A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or
governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more
words in a sentence.