Chapter 8: Appendicular Skeleton

Front 1

Pectorial Girdle

Back 1

- articulate with the trunk and each support one upper limb

- consist of the clavicle and the scapula

Front 2

Clavicle

Back 2

- S shaped bone that extends between the manubrium of the sternum and the acromolon of the scapula

- only direct connection between the pectorial girdle and the axial skeleton

Front 3

Sternal End

Back 3

- pyramdial in shape and articulates with the manubrium of sternum

Front 4

Acormial End -

Back 4

- lateral end, braod and flattend

- articualtes with acromonion of scapula

Front 5

Scapula

Back 5

- broad flat triangular bone that forms shoulder blade

- several large projections extend from scapula and provide suface area for msucle and ligament attachment

Front 6

Acromion

Back 6

- forms the bony tip of shoulder

Front 7

Superior Border

Back 7

- Horizontal edge of scapula superior to its spine

Front 8

Medial Border

Back 8

- edge of scapula closest to the vertebrae

Front 9

Lateral Border

Back 9

- Closets to the axilla

Front 10

Humerus

Back 10

- longest and largest upper limb bone

Front 11

Head

Back 11

- proximal end that articulates with gleniod cavity of the scapula

Front 12

Greater Tubercle

Back 12

- positioned more laterally and helps form the round counter of shoulder

Front 13

Lesser Tubercle-

Back 13

- smaller and located more anteromedially

Front 14

Anatomical Neck

Back 14

- between the tubercles and head of the humerus

- distinct groove that marks location of former epiphyseal plate

Front 15

Surgical Neck

Back 15

- narrowing bone immediatley distal to the tuberlces trantional form head to shaft

Front 16

Deltoid Tuberosity

Back 16

- entends along the length of the humerus

- deltoid msucel of the shoulder attaches this rough head surface

Front 17

Medial/Lateral Epicondyles

Back 17

- bony side projection on distal nuemrous tht provide surfaces for msucle attachment

Front 18

Capitulum

Back 18

- distal end of humerus curved surfaces of articulation with bones of the forearm

- located laterally and articulates iwth head of radius

Front 19

Trochlea

Back 19

- lacated medially and artiucaltes with the trochealr nothc of the ulna

Front 20

Radius

Back 20

- located more laterally

- articulats with the capitulum of the humerus

- attachement site for biceps branchii muscle

- shaft curves lightly and leads to a wide distal end wher there is laterally placed styloid process

Front 21

Ulna Notch

Back 21

- whre the medial surface of the raius articulates with the distal end of the ulna

Front 22

Ulna

Back 22

- longer medially placed bone of the forearm

Front 23

Torchlear Notch

Back 23

- interlock with the trochlea of the ulnar

Front 24

Intessous Membrane

Back 24

- connect the ulna and radius

- composed of dense regular connective tissue

- provides a pivot of rotation for the forearm

Front 25

Carpals

Back 25

- small short bones that form the wrist

- arrange in two rows of four rows

Front 26

Metacarpals

Back 26

- bone in the palm f

- five metacarplas articualte with the sital crapl bones and suppor the palm

Front 27

Phalanges

Back 27

- bones of the digits

- Proximal phalanges articulate with the head of the metacarpal

- Dital phalanges bone is tip of finger

Front 28

Pelvic Girdle

Back 28

- pelvis is composed of four bones: sacrum, coccyx, left and right ossa coxae

Front 29

Os Coxae

Back 29

- hip bone formed from three seperate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

-

Front 30

Acetabulum

Back 30

- curved depression on lateral suface where the femure articulates

Front 31

Ilium

Back 31

- larges of 3 bones of the Os Coxae

- forms the superior region and larges portion of the actabular surface

Front 32

Iliac Crest

Back 32

- super most ridge of the lithuim

Front 33

Ischium

Back 33

- lithium fuses into it

- near the superior and posterior margins of the acerburium

Front 34

Pubis

Back 34

- fuses with the lithium and ischium at the acetabuium

Front 35

Obturatory Foramen

Back 35

- space in the os casze that is encircel by both pucic and ischial rami

Front 36

Pelvic Brim

Back 36

- continouse ovel ridge that extends from pubic crest, pectorial line, and acurate line

- subdivides into the true and false pelvis

Front 37

False Pelvis

Back 37

- supeiror to the pelvic brim

Front 38

Pelvic Inlet

Back 38

- superior postitioned space enclsoed by pelvic brim

- spae surronded by the pelvic brim

Front 39

Pelvic Outlet

Back 39

- infreiorly placed opening bounded by the coccyx ischial tuberostries inferior boarder of the pubic sythesis

Front 40

Femur

Back 40

- longest bone in the body

- articultes with the acetabulum of pelivs

Front 41

Fovea

Back 41

- ligament that connects the head of the femur to the acetabellum

Front 42

Neck

Back 42

- distal to the head

- joins the shaft of the femur at an angle

Front 43

Greater Tochanter

Back 43

- projects laterally from the junction of the neck and shaft

Front 44

Lesser Tochanter

Back 44

- located at the femur's postermedial sufae

Front 45

Liinea Aspera

Back 45

- posterior surface of shaft that denotes attachment site for thigh muscles

Front 46

Addcutor Tubercle

Back 46

- raise projection that that is the site of attachment for addutor magnus msucel

Front 47

Medial/Lateral Condyles

Back 47

- two smooth oval articulating surfaces

Front 48

Medial/Lateral Epidondyle

Back 48

- superior to condyle projections

Front 49

Patella

Back 49

- knee cap

- large rough triangle sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the quadricpes femoris muscle

- allows the tendon of the quadriceps femoris to glid more smoothly and protects knee joint

Front 50

Intersseous Membrane

Back 50

- connects the tibula and fibula

- composed of dense regular connective tissue

- provides pivot for bones

Front 51

Tibia

Back 51

- medially placed bone and only weigh bearing bone

Front 52

Medial/Lateral Condocytes

Back 52

- atrculate with the medial/lateral condytes of the femur

Front 53

Fibular Articular Facet

Back 53

- where head of the fibula articulates with the femur at the proximal posterolateral side of tibia

Front 54

Tibial Tuberosity

Back 54

- inferior to patella and marks attachment site for patellar ligament

Front 55

Medial Malleoulus

Back 55

- side of ankle

Front 56

Fibular Notch

Back 56

- wher fibula articulates and form the inferior tibiofibular joint

Front 57

Fibula

Back 57

- does not bare any weight

- several muscles originate from it

Front 58

Head

Back 58

- slightly inferior and posterior to lateral condyle of tibia

Front 59

Articular Facet

Back 59

- where fibula articulates with tibia

Front 60

Lateral Malleolus

Back 60

- extends laterally to anke joint where provides lateral stability

Front 61

Tarsals

Back 61

- help bear the body's weight

Front 62

Calcaneus

Back 62

- larges tarsal

- forms the heel

- provides attachment site for the calcaneal tendon

Front 63

Talus

Back 63

- superior and second largest tarsal

- superior aspect of talus articulates with the araticalr suface of tibia

Front 64

Navicular Bone

Back 64

- medial side of ankle

Front 65

Proximal Row

Back 65

- composed of talus, calcaneus, and navicular

Front 66

Cuneiform Bones

Back 66

- wedge shaped bones with articulations between them

Front 67

Cuboid Bone

Back 67

- laterally placed articaltes at is medial surface ith lateral cunaieform and calcanues

Front 68

Metatarsal

Back 68

- five long bones

- form the side of the toot and identified with roman numbers proceeding medially to laterally

- articualte with cuboid bone and cuneifrom bones

- each artiucalted wiith proximal philanges

Front 69

Hallux

Back 69

- the greater toes

Front 70

Arches of Foot

Back 70

- helps support the weight of body and ensures that blood vessels and nerves on the sole are not pinched

Front 71

Medial Longitudial Arch

Back 71

- extends from the heel to greater toe

- highest of three arches

Front 72

Lateral Lungitudial Arch

Back 72

- does contribute too foot print

- extends from the little toes to hell

- helps redistribute some of the body wight amoung the cuodial and calcaneal and metartsals

Front 73

Transverse Arch

Back 73

- runs perpendicular to the longitundinal arches

- formed form the sital row of tarsals