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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are low constraint research methods?
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* Naturalistic observation
*Archival research *Surveys *Case Studies *Program Evaluation *field Experiments |
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When is low-constrain research useful?
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-When investigating natural flow of behavior in natural settings
-When conducting exploratory research -When trying to familiarize with participants and settings -when trying to generalize lab findings to real world -When trying to find contingent relationships among events |
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What does this research provide?
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- New descriptive info.
-possible hypothesis for later higher-constrained research -evidence to negate general proposition -information about contingencies |
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What type of problem statements should you have when you conduct this type of research?
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-very general
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What do you need to be aware of in terms of your hypothesis when you conduct this type of research?
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-it will evolve as you make more observations.
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What are the important points to remember when you make observations in this type of research?
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-do not bias observations
- be aware of ethical issues -be aware of sampling issues |
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what does it mean by "reactive Measure"?
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-enhance reactivity
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why are ethical issues particularly difficult to deal with when you are conducting this type of research?
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-because no informed consent is involved
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what are sampling issues that you need to deal with when you are conducting low-constraint research?
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-representation of participants
-behavior -settings |
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how should you deal with poor representativeness?
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-make observations across variety of participants, behaviors, settings
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Why is replicability a problem for this type of research?
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-procedures are often not specified
-they may change as the study continues -they are often unique to the observer -therefore, replication is difficult |
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what does it mean by the ex post facto fallacy?
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*DEF: interpreting an observed contingency as if it represented causal connection
-low-constraint observation will never provide the controls for such strong conclusions. * if the ex post facto conclusions are interpreted as hypothesis to be studied, and not as established facts, they serve a useful scientific purpose. |
